About World War II Japanese Soldier Lt. Hiroo Onoda

About World War II Japanese Soldier Lt. Hiroo Onoda In 1944, Lt. Hiroo Onoda was sent by the Japanese army to the remote Philippine island of Lubang. His mission was to conduct guerrilla warfare during World War II. Unfortunately, he was never officially told the war had ended; so for 29 years, Onoda continued to live in the jungle, ready for when his country would again need his services and information. Eating coconuts and bananas and deftly evading searching parties he believed were enemy scouts, Onoda hid in the jungle until he finally emerged from the dark recesses of the island on March 19, 1972. Called to Duty Hiroo Onoda was 20 years-old when he was called up to join the army. At the time, he was far from home working at a branch of the Tajima Yoko trading company in Hankow (now Wuhan), China. After passing his physical, Onoda quit his job and returned to his home in Wakayama, Japan in August of 1942 to get into top physical condition. In the Japanese army, Onoda was trained as an officer and was then chosen to be trained at an Imperial Army intelligence school. At this school, Onoda was taught how to gather intelligence and how to conduct guerrilla warfare. In the Philippines On December 17, 1944, Lt. Hiroo Onoda left for the Philippines to join the Sugi Brigade (the Eighth Division fromHirosaki). Here, Onoda was given orders by Major Yoshimi Taniguchi and Major Takahashi. Onoda was ordered to lead the Lubang Garrison in guerrilla warfare. As Onoda and his comrades were getting ready to leave on their separate missions, they stopped by to report to the division commander. The division commander ordered: You are absolutely forbidden to die by your own hand. It may take three years, it may take five, but whatever happens, well come back for you. Until then, so long as you have one soldier, you are to continue to lead him. You may have to live on coconuts. If thats the case, live on coconuts! Under no circumstances are you [to] give up your life voluntarily. 1 Onoda took these words more literally and seriously than the division commander could ever have meant them. On the Island of Lubang Once on the island of Lubang, Onoda was supposed to blow up the pier at the harbor and destroy the Lubang airfield. Unfortunately, the garrison commanders, who were worried about other matters, decided not to help Onoda on his mission and soon the island was overrun by the Allies. The remaining Japanese soldiers, Onoda included, retreated into the inner regions of the island and split up into groups. As these groups dwindled in size after several attacks, the remaining soldiers split into cells of three and four people. There were four people in Onodas cell: Corporal Shoichi Shimada (age 30), Private Kinshichi Kozuka (age 24), Private Yuichi Akatsu (age 22), and Lt. Hiroo Onoda (age 23). They lived very close together, with only a few supplies: the clothes they were wearing, a small amount of rice, and each had a gun with limited ammunition. Rationing the rice was difficult and caused fights, but they supplemented it with coconuts and bananas. Every once in a while, they were able to kill a civilians cow for food. The cells would save up their energy and use guerrilla tactics to fight in skirmishes. Other cells were captured or were killed while Onodas continued to fight from the interior. The War Is Over...Come Out Onoda first saw a leaflet that claimed the war was over in October 1945. When another cell had killed a cow, they found a leaflet left behind by the islanders which read: The war ended on August 15. Come down from the mountains!2 But as they sat in the jungle, the leaflet just didnt seem to make sense, for another cell had just been fired upon a few days ago. If the war were over, why would they still be under attack? No, they decided, the leaflet must be a clever ruse by the Allied propagandists. Again, the outside world tried to contact the survivors living on the island by dropping leaflets out of a Boeing B-17 near the end of 1945. Printed on these leaflets was the surrender order from General Yamashita of the Fourteenth Area Army. Having already hidden on the island for a year and with the only proof of the end of the war being this leaflet, Onoda and the others scrutinized every letter and every word on this piece of paper. One sentence in particular seemed suspicious, it said that those who surrendered would receive hygienic succor and be hauled to Japan. Again, they believed this must be an Allied hoax. Leaflet after leaflet was dropped. Newspapers were left. Photographs and letters from relatives were dropped. Friends and relatives spoke out over loudspeakers. There was always something suspicious, so they never believed that the war had really ended. Over the Years Year after year, the four men huddled together in the rain, searched for food, and sometimes attacked villagers. They fired on the villagers because, We considered people dressed as islanders to be enemy troops in disguise or enemy spies. The proof that they were was that whenever we fired on one of them, a search party arrived shortly afterward.  It had become a cycle of disbelief. Isolated from the rest of the world, everyone appeared to be the enemy. In 1949, Akatsu wanted to surrender. He didnt tell any of the others; he just walked away. In September 1949 he successfully got away from the others and after six months on his own in the jungle, Akatsu surrendered. To Onodas cell, this seemed like a security leak and they became even more careful of their position. In June 1953, Shimada was wounded during a skirmish. Though his leg wound slowly got better (without any medicines or bandages), he became gloomy. On May 7, 1954, Shimada was killed in a skirmish on the beach at Gontin. For nearly 20 years after Shimads death, Kozuka and Onoda continued to live in the jungle together, awaiting the time when they would again be needed by the Japanese Army. Per the division commanders instructions, they believed it was their job to remain behind enemy lines, reconnoiter and gather intelligence to be able to train Japanese troops in guerrilla warfare in order to regain the Philippine islands. Surrendering at Last In October 1972, at the age of 51 and after 27 years of hiding, Kozuka was killed during a clash with a Filipino patrol. Though Onoda had been officially declared dead in December 1959, Kozukas body proved the likelihood that Onoda was still living. Search parties were sent out to find Onoda, but none succeeded. Onoda was now on his own. Remembering the division commanders order, he could not kill himself yet he no longer had a single soldier to command. Onoda continued to hide. In 1974, a college dropout named Norio Suzuki decided to travel to the Philippines, Malaysia, Singapore, Burma, Nepal, and perhaps a few other countries on his way. He told his friends that he was going to search for Lt. Onoda, a panda, and the Abominable Snowman.  Where so many others had failed, Suzuki succeeded. He found Lt. Onoda and tried to convince him that the war was over. Onoda explained that he would only surrender if his commander ordered him to do so. Suzuki traveled back to Japan and found Onodas former commander, Major Taniguchi, who had become a bookseller. On March 9, 1974, Suzuki and Taniguchi met Onoda at a pre-appointed place and Major Taniguchi read the orders that stated all combat activity was to be ceased. Onoda was shocked and, at first, disbelieving. It took some time for the news to sink in. We really lost the war! How could they have been so sloppy? Suddenly everything went black. A storm raged inside me. I felt like a fool for having been so tense and cautious on the way here. Worse than that, what had I been doing for all these years? Gradually the storm subsided, and for the first time I really understood: my thirty years as a guerrilla fighter for the Japanese army were abruptly finished. This was the end. I pulled back the bolt on my rifle and unloaded the bullets. . . . I eased off the pack that I always carried with me and laid the gun on top of it. Would I really have no more use for this rifle that I had polished and cared for like a baby all these years? Or Kozukas rifle, which I had hidden in a crevice in the rocks? Had the war really ended thirty years ago? If it had, what had Shimada and Kozuka died for? If what was happening was true, wouldnt it have been better if I had died with them? During the 30 years that Onoda had remain hidden on Lubang island, he and his men had killed at least 30 Filipinos and had wounded approximately 100 others. After formally surrendering to Philippine President Ferdinand Marcos, Marcos pardoned Onoda for his crimes while in hiding. When Onoda reached Japan, he was hailed a hero. Life in Japan was much different than when he had left it in 1944. Onoda bought a ranch and moved to Brazil but in 1984 he and his new wife moved back to Japan and founded a nature camp for kids. In May 1996, Onoda returned to the Philippines to see once again the island on which he had hidden for 30 years. On Thursday, January 16, 2014, Hiroo Onoda died at age 91. Resources and Further Reading Hiroo Onoda,No Surrender: My Thirty-Year War (New York: Kodansha International Ltd., 1974) 44.Onoda,No Surrender;75. 3. Onoda,No Surrender94. 4. Onoda,No Surrender7. 5. Onoda,No Surrender14-15.Hiroo Worship.  Time  25 March 1974: 42-43.Old Soldiers Never Die.  Newsweek  25 March 1974: 51-52.Onoda, Hiroo.  No Surrender: My Thirty-Year War. Trans. Charles S. Terry. New York: Kodansha International Ltd., 1974.Where It Is Still 1945.  Newsweek  6 Nov. 1972: 58.

Populism - Definition in American Politics

Populism - Definition in American Politics President  Donald Trump was repeatedly described as a populist during the 2016 presidential race. Trump styled himself as a populist during his flamboyantly provocative campaign, The New York Times wrote, claiming to hear, understand and channel the working-class Americans so wrongly ignored by other leaders. Asked Politico:  Is  Donald Trump the Perfect Populist, one with broader appeal to the right and the center than his predecessors in recent American political history? The Christian Science Monitor opined that Trumps unique populism promises a change in governance perhaps equal to parts of the New Deal or the early years of the Reagan revolution. But what, exactly, is populism? And what does it mean to be a populist? There are many definitions. Definition of Populism Populism is generally defined as a way of speaking and campaigning on behalf of the needs of the people or the little man as opposed to the well-to-do elite. Populist rhetoric frames issues such as the economy, for example, as the  angry, aggrieved and neglected struggling to overcome a corrupt oppressor, whoever that oppressor may be. George Packer, a veteran political journalist for The New Yorker, described populism as a stance and a rhetoric more than an ideology or a set of positions. It speaks of a battle of good against evil, demanding simple answers to difficult problems.   History of Populism Populism has its roots in the grassroots formation of the Peoples and Populist parties in the late 1800s. The Peoples Party was founded in Kansas in 1890 amid depression and a widespread belief among farmers and laborers that the government was dominated by large money interests, the political historian William Safire wrote. A national party with similar interests, the Populist Party, was founded a year later, in 1891. The national party fought for public ownership of railroads, the telephone system, and an income tax that would demand more from wealthier Americans. The latter idea is a common populist idea used in modern elections. It is similar to the Buffett Rule, which would raise taxes on the wealthiest Americans. The Populist Party died in 1908 but many of its ideals linger on today. The national partys platform read, in part: We meet in the midst of a nation brought to the verge of moral, political, and material ruin. Corruption dominates the ballot-box, the Legislatures, the Congress, and touches even the ermine of the bench. The people are demoralized; most of the States have been compelled to isolate the voters at the polling places to prevent universal intimidation and bribery. The newspapers are largely subsidized or muzzled, public opinion silenced, business prostrated, homes covered with mortgages, labor impoverished, and the land concentrating in the hands of capitalists. The urban workmen are denied the right to organize for self-protection, imported pauperized labor beats down their wages, a hireling standing army, unrecognized by our laws, is established to shoot them down, and they are rapidly degenerating into European conditions. The fruits of the toil of millions are boldly stolen to build up colossal fortunes for a few, unprecedented in the history of mankind; and the possessors of those, in turn, despise the republic and endanger liberty. From the same prolific womb of governmental injustice we breed the two great classes- tramps and millionaires. Populist Ideas Modern populism typically is sympathetic to the struggles of white, middle-class Americans and portrays Wall Street bankers, undocumented workers, and U.S. trade partners including China as evil.  Populist ideas including heavily taxing the wealthiest Americans, tightening security along the U.S. border with Mexico, raising the minimum wage, expanding Social Security and imposing stiff tariffs on trade with other countries in an attempt to keep American jobs from going overseas.   Populist Politicians The first real populist presidential candidate was the Populist Partys nominee for president in the 1892 election. The nominee, General James B. Weaver, won 22 electoral votes and more than 1 million actual votes. In modern times, Weavers campaign would have been considered a great success; independents typically garner only a small share of the vote. William Jennings Bryan is perhaps the most famous populist in American history. The Wall Street Journal once described Bryan as the Trump before Trump. His speech at the Democratic National Convention in 1896, which  was said to have roused the crowd to a frenzy, aimed to advance the interests of small Midwestern farmers who felt they were being taken advantage of by the banks. Bryan wanted to move to a bimetallic gold-silver standard.   Huey Long, who served as the governor of Louisiana and a U.S. senator, was also considered a populist. He railed against wealthy plutocrats and their bloated fortunes and proposed to impose steep taxes on the richest Americans and distribute the revenue to the poor still suffering from the effects of the Great Depression. Long, who had presidential aspirations, wanted to set a minimum annual income of $2,500. Robert M. La Follette Sr. was a congressman and governor of Wisconsin who took on corrupt politicians and big business, which he believed had a dangerously oversized influence on matters of public interest.   Thomas E. Watson of Georgia was an early populist and the partys vice presidential hopeful  in 1896. Watson had won a seat in Congress by supporting the reclamation of large tracts of land granted to corporations, abolishing national banks, eliminating paper money, and cutting taxes on low-income citizens, according to the New Georgia Encyclopedia.  He was  also  a southern demagogue and bigot, according to the Encyclopedia.  Watson wrote of the threat of immigrants to  America: The scum of creation has been dumped on us. Some of our principal cities are more foreign than American. The most dangerous and corrupting hordes of the Old World have invaded us. The vice and crime which they have planted in our midst are sickening and terrifying. What brought these Goths and Vandals to our shores? The manufacturers are mainly to blame. They wanted cheap labor: and they didn’t care a curse how much harm to our future might be the consequence of their heartless policy. Trump routinely inveighed against the establishment in his successful presidential campaign. He regularly promised to drain the swamp in Washington, D.C., an unflattering portrayal of the Capitol as a corrupt playground for plutocrats, special interests, lobbyists and fat, out-of-touch lawmakers. Decades of failure in Washington, and decades of special interest  dealing must come to an end. We have to break the cycle of corruption, and we have to give new voices a chance to go into government service, Trump stated.   The independent presidential candidate Ross Perot was similar in style and rhetoric to Trump. Perot fared well by building his campaign on voter resentment of the establishment, or the political elite, in 1992. He won a  startling 19 percent of the popular vote that year. Donald Trump and Populism So is Donald Trump a populist? He certainly used populist expressions during his campaign, portraying his supporters as American workers who have not seen their financial status improve since the end of the Great Recession and those neglected by the political and societal elite. Trump, and for that matter Vermont Sen. Bernie Sanders, spoke to a class of blue-collar, struggling middle-class voters who believe the economy was rigged. Michael Kazin, the author of  The Populist Persuasion, told Slate in 2016: Trump expresses one aspect of populism, which is anger at the establishment and various elites. He believes Americans have been betrayed by those elites. But the other side of populism is a sense of a moral people, people who’ve been betrayed for some reason and have a distinct identity, whether they are workers, farmers, or taxpayers. Whereas with Trump, I don’t really get much of a sense of who the people are. Of course journalists say he’s talking mostly to white working-class people, but he doesn’t say that. Wrote Politico: Trump’s platform combines positions that are shared by many populists but are anathema to movement conservatives- a defense of Social Security, a guarantee of universal health care, economic nationalist trade policies. President Barack Obama, who Trump succeeded in the White House, took issue with labeling Trump a populist, however. Said Obama: â€Å"Somebody else who has never shown any regard for workers, has never fought on behalf of social justice issues or making sure that poor kids are getting a decent shot at life or have health care - in fact, have worked against economic opportunity for workers and ordinary people, they don’t suddenly become a populist because they say something controversial in order to win votes. Indeed, some of Trumps critics accused him of phony populism, of using populist rhetoric during the campaign but of wanting to abandon his populist platform once in office. Analyses of Trumps tax proposals found that the biggest benefactors would be the wealthiest Americans. Trump, after winning the election, also recruited fellow billionaires and lobbyists to play roles in his White House. He also walked back some of his fiery campaign rhetoric on cracking down on Wall Street and rounding up and deporting immigrants who are living in the United States illegally.

Relationship between Travel & Tourism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Relationship between Travel & Tourism - Essay Example Tourism is not a phenomenon. Only it has made new strides. People have been undertaking hazardous journeys for thousands of years either on pilgrimage or in quest of new lands and ideas. Tourism today is a movement which not only gears up several other industries but also creates new employment opportunities. Tourism comprises the activities of persons traveling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business, and other purposes. Apart from being a major foreign exchange earner, tourism helps in promoting human understanding and cultural exchange. The coming decades are a crucial time for the relationship between travel and tourism and sustainable development. The need to preserve the worlds inherent assets for future generations is becoming an imperative goal not only for travel and tourism but also for all other industries that use the earth natural resources. The scale of travel and tourism contribution to the global economy and its potential for enabling sustainable development are becoming more evident for governments, non-governmental organizations, and industry alike. The development of tourism has been characterized by continuing geographical spread and diversification of tourist destinations. Travel and tourism, if utilized effectively, can be a force for positive growth and economic success for both developed and developing countries. The travel and tourism industry simultaneously thrives upon this trend and is threatened by it. Tourism products and services that demonstrate ‘greater sensitivity to the environ ment, traditional culture and local people at the destinations can create such an experience, whereas tourism in a context of uncontrolled growth which puts increasing pressure on the natural, cultural and socioeconomic environment, risks diminishing the visitor’s experience. In short, increased market demand for experiences can contribute to social, economic and environmental sustainability only if the resulting pressures from growth are properly planned and managed.

MANAGING INTERNATIONAL OPERATIONS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

MANAGING INTERNATIONAL OPERATIONS - Essay Example Most of the EU trading occurs in between the European countries itself, owing to its flourishing nature it stands first among exporting and second among importing countries. The key concepts of European Union are, Integration- combining a range of different pieces into a single body, or the removal of barriers to enable the pieces to move closer together (Jones 2008,pp.88-87), Supranationalism – which express the power of EU decisions that override those made by national governments whenever the two conflict (Ibid ,pp.137-138) and the Intergovernmentalism – the idea of different governments of EU working together to protect its national interests (Ibid 2008,p.87). The most important key institutions of European Union are The council of the European Union representing the governments of the member states; European commission which consists of the commissioners appointed by the member states ,the executive body and driving force ; The European Council that comprises the h eads of state/government of the member states which gives political direction to the EU and sets policy agenda and strategies for the EU and European Parliament elected by the people of the member state, law-making body. ... n spreads some precious lessons to the whole world through their integrated efforts and activities which if put into effect may enable all human beings to live in peace and harmony around the Globe. References Jones, A. (2008) A Glossary of the European Union. Edinburgh University Press. The EU & Supply Chain Management The Supply Chain Management (SCM) can be defined as the† management of upstream and downstream relationship with suppliers and customers in order to deliver superior customer value at less cost to the supply chain† which refers to a system of organizations in moving a product from supplier to the customer (Christopher, 2011, p. 3). SCM heavily depends on the areas of operation management, logistics, procurement, and information technology (Ibid). Some suggest it is more accurate to use the term â€Å"Supply network†, viewing the supply chain as â€Å"a network of connected and interdependent organizations mutually and cooperatively working together to control, manage and improve the flow of materials and information from suppliers to end users† (Chopra & Meindl 2010). Different SCM models were proposed for the better understanding and systematic coordination of the business functions. For instance, Supply Chain Council promotes Supply Chain Operations Reference (SCOR) whereas the Global Supply Chain Forum (GSCF) promotes SCM Model. By going truly global with the SCM, business firms can understand the competitiveness and can identify significant links in the network. It also helps to focus on long term issues. According to Chopra and Meindl (2010), the decision phases of a supply chain includes 3 steps the Supply Chain Strategy or design, Supply Chain Planning and the Supply Chain Operations. Essentially the fundamental role of SCM is to facilitate the

Accomplishing Iraqs Sovereignty Essay Example for Free

Accomplishing Iraqs Sovereignty Essay The New York Times article Iraq Marks Withdrawal of U. S. Troops From Cities by Alissa J. Rubin covers a milestone in Iraqs post-Hussein political scene: The withdrawal of American troops from major Iraqi cities and settlements which in turn resulted in their declaration of sovereignty. Although many Iraqis desire sovereignty, there are others who believe that Iraqi security forces have inadequate experience to control insurgencies that continue to occur within Iraqi cities, as a bombing occurred in a market place on the same day as the parade. However, Prime Minister Nuri Kamal al-Malaki is confident that the Iraqi government can handle the maintenance of security within the country. Although there are still Americans in some urban outposts, most of the troops have already withdrawn, giving the local security forces more control over the cities. The event has also been declared as a national holiday even though it has not fully received national sovereignty yet (Rubin, 2009). By pulling out the occupying forces, the American government has eased tensions between them and Iraq, as well as with other Arab nations within the region. See more: My Writing Process Essay Iraq can govern themselves independently once again. It would also project lesser spending for the American government since they have started pulling out troops and loosening their control. It would also strengthen the bond between the American and Iraqi governments, and also that with other governments around the region. However, it would also be quite a challenge for the local security forces to maintain the safety within Iraqi cities, without the presence of American troops since insurgencies have not yet halted. Many Iraqis were relieved and joyous of the American troops exit in their cities, even if some still remained for security purposes. It is probably because of the tightness of the Americans grip on their society in relation to security. However, some Iraqis fear that with this withdrawal, insurgents would have more opportunity to strike and deliver their wrath (Rubin, 2009). Indeed, security might be ineffective without the American troops presence — or with lesser troops present. However, others also believe that the Americans brought the insurgence along when they occupied the cities. In short, they believe that the Americans are the insurgents targets. Without the troops, they believe that less attacks would occur, although they cannot really be too sure. Fear would continue to prevail if the Iraqi security forces could not guarantee the citizens safety, which may lead to discouragement and decline of confidence towards the Iraqi government. References Rubin, A. (2009, June 30). Iraq marks withdrawal of U. S. troops from cities. The New York Times. Retrieved July 1, 2009, from http://www. nytimes. com/2009/07/01/world/middleeast/01iraq

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import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.Arrays; /** * */ /** * @author sharonim * */ public class CarRadio { private StationData data; private boolean power; private int frequency; private String bandAMFM; private int volume; private boolean mute; private boolean set; private int[] AMpreset; private int[] FMpreset; public static final int Vol_min = 0; public static final int Vol_max = 20; public CarRadio(StationData d){ this.data = d; this.power = false; this.frequency = FreqBand.AM.minFreq(); this.bandAMFM = "AM"; this.volume = 0; this.mute = false; this.set = false; this.AMpreset = new int[5]; this.FMpreset = new int[5]; Arrays.fill(FMpreset, FreqBand.FM.minFreq()); Arrays.fill(AMpreset, FreqBand.AM.minFreq()); } public void powerBtn(){ if(this.power == false){ this.power = true; } else{ this.power = false; } clear(); } public void volumeUpBtn(){ if(this.power == true){ if(this.volume == Vol_max){ return; } else{ this.volume++; } } else{ return; } } public void volumeDownBtn(){ if(this.power == true){ if(this.volume == Vol_min){ return; } else{ this.volume--; } } else{ return; } } public void muteBtn(){ if(this.power == true){ if(this.mute == false){ this.mute = true; } else{ this.mute = false; } } else{ return; } } public void amfmBtn(){ if(this.power == true){ clear(); if(this.bandAMFM == "AM"){ this.bandAMFM = "FM"; this.frequency = FreqBand.FM.minFreq(); } else{ this.bandAMFM = "AM"; this.frequency = FreqBand.AM.minFreq(); } } } public void tuneUpBtn(){ if(this.power == true){ clea... ... == true){ if(this.set == true){ setPreset(3); clear(); } else{ usePreset(3); clear(); } } else{ return; } } public void preset5Btn(){ if(this.power == true){ if(this.set == true){ setPreset(4); clear(); } else{ usePreset(4); clear(); } } else{ return; } } public ArrayList display(){ ArrayList output = new ArrayList(); output.add("Power: " + power); output.add("Band: "+ bandAMFM); output.add("Frequency: " + frequency); output.add("Volume: " + volume); output.add("Mute: " + mute); output.add("FM Preset: " + FMpreset[0] + " " + FMpreset[1] + " " + FMpreset[2] + " " + FMpreset[3] + " " + FMpreset[4]); output.add("AM Preset: " + AMpreset[0] + " " + AMpreset[1] + " " + AMpreset[2] + " " + AMpreset[3] + " " + AMpreset[4]); return output; } }

Personal Philosophy of Supervision Essay

In order to meet the needs of their students, administrators must practice effective supervisory practices. School leaders must be knowledgeable on the most recent research of supervisory practices. Principals must also be knowledgeable of professional development in order to enhance their teachers’ knowledge and skills. An administrator’s will be able to use diversified supervision to be able to provide support and guidance where it is needed most. Good connection between knowledge, skills and effectiveness! Professional development is essential in providing opportunities for educational staff members to learn about the latest topics in education. The purpose of this professional development is to continually educate educators to improve the quality of instruction in their classrooms (Glickman, Gordon, & Ross Gordon, 2008). As an educational leader I must build and support a community of learners. I must set the expectation that all members of our school community are learners and highly capable of achieving great things. I believe every member of our community is gifted in some way and can contribute to the success of the school (Sullivan, 2009). By valuing each staff member, parent and learner I am able to lead a culture of inquiry where there is an open and easy exchange of ideas and members are able to live what they really feel and care about. As a teacher I care deeply about my students and their beautiful, unique and interesting development as human beings. As a principal that will change to the entire school community–the teachers and their passions, the parents and their hopes and concerns, the lunch crew and their desire to do the best they can. The physical image of an ache, a yearning felt deeply, is something I hope to engender in our school community. When a community aches with caring personal agendas are set aside and a shared vision and purpose is embra ced. Wow!!! What a strong paragraph! I can see from this that you will be a passionate leader. When a community cares they embrace their responsibility  to keep learning and they thrive on moving ahead and away from status quo. As the leader of this community I must take the time to know our needs and challenges and skillfully manage tasks and resources to support our efforts. I believe a strong school leader builds a community of leaders. As a leader, always learning, I have the experience and confidence to share leadership with my staff and school community. Through relationships I have built I recognize and utilize opportunities for shared leadership. Involving all members of our school community results in shared ownership and investment in our end goal–the education of children. I must have courage to share leadership with my community by modeling risk taking and trust and turn over some decisions (Lipton, 2007). I also must be careful to follow-up and support those who take on leadership roles so I can be accountable for the actions of our community and the end results. As an educational leader I will commit my heart and soul to the success of our school and I will ask the same of our staff, parents and learners. Working together we will create a school community that is warm, safe, challenging and stimulating for all. I recognize leaders run up against hurdles in fulfilling the vision of a program. Leaders live with unpredictable days and under stress and in conflict. Leading with strength and perseverance while remaining connected to the community will navigate the challenges and lead to reaching our goals. My personal philosophy of school leadership continues to emerge as I grow my learning and experience. Each school community I am fortunate to serve wi ll affect me and add to the hue and texture of the tapestry of my life and my career as an administrator. Of the four supervisory approaches I identify myself with the collaborative approach most. Directive control involves the supervisor taking over an educator’s issue, identifying the problem and instructing the teacher to what he or she thinks needs to be done (Glickman& Gordon, Ross-Gordon, 2008). This approach ensures that teachers will use strategies in their classrooms approved by administrators, but is halts teacher creativity and educators will be less likely to take risks without supervisor approval. I feel that this supervisory method should be used as a last resort if a teacher truly cannot make an important decision for themself. The directive informational approach is a method best used for inexperienced teachers (Tschannen-Moran, 2004). With this supervision theory, supervisors identity goals and activities for teacher improvement plans. The supervisor is a source of information and receives quality feedback from teachers. One positive aspect of this method is the amount of feedback given to the teacher from the supervision. One negative, is that the teacher is then not taking full responsibility for teaching practices (Glickman& Gordon, Ross-Gordon, 2008). Nondirective supervision involves the teacher being an essential part of the decision making process. While the teacher is reflecting and thinking through his actions for instructional improvement, the supervisor assists in this thinking and reflection process (Glickman& Gordon, Ross-Gordon, 2008). The positive aspect of this type of supervision includes the teacher feeling comfortable enough to ask their administrator for help when needed and feeling comfortable enough to take risks in their classrooms (Rettig, Lampe, and Garcia, 2000). The negative includes teacher depending too much on supervisors when making decisions. I feel my personal philosophy on supervision aligns most closely with the collaborative style. Collaborative supervision involves the supervisor and the teacher both presenting their ideas and agreeing on a solution to a singular problem (Glickman& Gordon, Ross-Gordon, 2008). This supervisory style allows teachers to participate in the decision making process for their schools. This style will only work however, if teachers are on board to work collaboratively with each other as well as administration. Administrators that use a collaborative style of supervision posses the skills necessary to be a high performing principal. If one can collaborate with others, they have great interpersonal skills, competency and they have enough knowledge to know that if they don’t know all the answers, they are not afraid to seek out others to help solve school issues. All students can learn, the trick is discovering what learning style works best for each students. Leaders work in the same way. They have to discover  what type of leadership style will motivate teachers the best. In turn, it is up to the teacher to get to know the students needs and provide them with the tools to be successful. With this educational belief, I am inclined to use collaborative supervision to ensure teachers feel important and a part of the decision making process of the school. Teachers are essential to the school, and should feel that they are as well. I believe all the supervisory styles will be needed at different times and with different teachers, but I connect best with the collaborative supervision belief. Lauren- Your paper examines the reasons for the selection of your philosophy and it is well supported with logic and examples. The philosophy you best identify yourself with is the collaborative approach. You have explained how your supervisory approach aligns with this philosophy. Your examples like the importance of community involvement and passion do a nice job of supporting your thoughts. You have incorporated good supporting research and your paper is written at an appropriate level for a college paper but you do have a few errors that a proofreading should eliminate. Good job! References Glickman, C.D., Gordon, S.P., Ross-Gordon, J.M. (2014). Supervision and instructional leadership: a developmental approach (9th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson. Rettig, P.R., Lampe and Garcia, P. (2000). â€Å"Supervising Your Faculty with a Differentiated Model.† The Department Chair 11(2) Lipton, L. (2007). Learning-focused supervision. Training and Education in Professional Phycology, 8(3), 143-148. Sullivan, S. & Glanz, J. (2009). Supervision that improves teaching and learning. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin. Tschannen-Moran, M. (2004). Trust matters: leadership for successful schools. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.

Family Nursing Diagnoses Essay

Conducting a family assessment is a challenging and important step in the care of the client. It is essential to identify problems and situations inhibiting a family from practicing healthy behaviors and developing healthy habits to thrive in the home and community. Identifying problems then deciding the family nursing diagnosis and planning interventions beneficial to the family is the next step in the client’s care. Three Family Nursing Diagnoses The three family nursing diagnoses identified to assist SS and her family are anxiety related to several short- and long-term stressors, delayed growth and development related to CS’s handicaps, and chronic pain related to SS’s rheumatoid arthritis. These nursing diagnoses were most appropriate for this family. Healthy People 2020 Indicator The indicator chosen that links to the nursing diagnoses mentioned above is social determinants (â€Å"Healthy People 2020†, 2012). This indicator is relevant to the identified family nursing diagnoses because of numerous reasons. CS has a disorder that has caused him to have developmental delays and numerous health issues. He reports getting bullied at school periodically, is in special needs classes, and will not be able to live independently. The indicator is also relevant because of the number of stressors SS has identified through the family assessment that affects the family’s lives daily. Researching information on Healthy People 2020 and  specifically the social determinants indicator reveals that assisting the client and her family with healthy behaviors, physical activity, assistance with dealing with stress-related issues leads the family to being successful members of the community and being successful in tasks necessary for improved health and longer life expectancy. Linking the indicator to the family nursing diagnoses will also provide the family with strategies to deal with school, community, and workplace issues that are barriers to accomplishments within the family. Opportunities for Community Health Nursing Interventions One opportunity where I can make a positive impact with community health nursing interventions would be providing a lecture at CS’s high school about bullying. This would be beneficial for students in many high school communities. The lecture should include information about why children bully each other, strategies for how to deal with bullies, and why bullying is wrong. Another way to influence in a positive way is provide SS and her family ways to deal with the issues that cause the most stress in the family, whether it is financial concerns, time management issues, or health concerns. Conducting family meetings to share responsibilities for chores around the house, making the children aware of what can be afforded monetarily month to month, and ensuring the family is keeping regular health check ups are a few techniques that may be beneficial. Making sure SS is aware and takes advantage of workplace assistance for a variety of reasons is another opportunity to make a posit ive impact on her family and on the social determinant indicator. Health Education Topics There are a number of topics related to health education that would be beneficial to SS and her family as well as any community. One topic SS may find helpful deals with emotional wellness, which is a subject I have spent time discussing with SS and her family. Finding a balance between everything going on in one’s life, such as school, work, sports, or other activities is necessary in protecting emotional health. Another topic relates to stress, which is another area of concern for SS. There are different levels of stress and they can be short-term and long-term  stressors as SS has identified within the family assessment. Stress does not have to be bad, but how to deal with it is what makes the difference. Developing and learning coping strategies are helpful in managing stress. Here is where the emphasis in education should be. Nutrition and physical activity is another health education topic beneficial for everyone. SS’s oldest son who is in college could be a target of this topic, as college students are not known to have healthy eating or sleeping habits. Diet teaching and assistance with developing a physical activity plan would be a focus of the education (â€Å"Health Education Center†, n.d.). Conclusion A family assessment is a vital step in diagnosing what potential problems and areas for improvement a client may have. Evaluating aspects of the family unit including family history, support system, stressors, and social structure will aid in determining and prioritizing the family diagnoses. Family involvement in decision-making of what diagnoses to conquer and intervention planning will help the success of the plan. What is learned through the family can help develop topics the general public could be educated on and benefit from. References Health Education Center. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.healtheducation.uci.edu Healthy People 2020. (2012). Retrieved from http://www.healthypeople.gov Nursing Diagnosis List. (2012). Retrieved from http://www.nandanursingdiagnosislist.org Stanhope, M. (2012). Public Health Nursing: Population-Centered Health Care in the Community (8th ed.). Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook Collection. Family Assessment I. Family Demographics a) Family Name-Sindle b) Family Composition-mother, 3 sons c) Type of family form (single parent) d) Cultural Background-English, German, and Cherokee†¦.great., great,  great grandmother was Cherokee Indian e) Religious Affiliation-Baptist and Presbyterian f) Social Class Status-low income class g) Family’s recreational or leisure-time activities-soccer, 2 of 3 boys very involved with soccer teams. Watching movies, riding bikes. II. Developmental Stages and family history a) Family’s present developmental stage-one child in college, one in high school and one in middle school. Mom taking classes part-time to earn nursing degree. b) Nuclear Family History-SS’s parents are originally from Franklin, NC. Mother is of English and German descent and dad is English and Cherokee Indian. I II. Environmental Data a) Characteristics of home-reside in a 2 story home in a single-family dwelling subdivision. Approximately 300 homes in the neighborhood. b) Characteristics of neighborhood and larger community- There is a community park with a small playground used for gatherings. They have neighborhood watch in their subdivision. Gloucester is considered a rural community. It has a large shopping center that has a Walmart, Home Depot, Lowes, Applebees, Chick-fil-a, Pizza Hut, McDonalds, Hardees and Wendy’s. Several churches of various denominations, one free medical clinic, a wellness center, one small hospital, a boys and girls club, several parks with baseball fields, soccer fields, and playground equipment. Family-owned shops on main street with restaurants and banks, a bookstore and antique stores. Volunteer fire stations and rescue squads throughout the county. c) Family’s Geographic mobility- SS was born and raised in Williamsburg, VA. Lived in Tappahannock, VA for a year and then moved to Gloucester, VA where she have resided for 25 years. Her sons have lived in Gloucester since they were born. d) Family’s associations and transactions with community- Her boys participate in parks and rec activities. They go bowling as a family and to the movies occasionally. Attend annual Daffodil festival that is held in the community every spring. e) Family’s social support network-SS has aunts, uncles and a few friends that help out sporadically. Her two youngest boys go to Florida every summer to spend time with their grandparents. SS sees her work environment and peers as a support system as well. Her oldest  child has a support system through his soccer teammates and friends at college. IV. Family Stress and Coping a) Short and long-term familial stressors and strengths: Short term- SS is trying to finish classes so she can start nursing school. Also trying to balance work and school and getting children where they need to go for activities. Long term- son (CS) with special needs-what will he do after he graduates high school in 2 years. Has Williams Syndrome and has cognitive and developmental delays. Finances. Getting oldest son through college. Single parent (children’s father passed away in 2009, he and SS were divorced prior to that). SS has recently been diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis. CS’s health-worry about his cardiac issues as he gets older, hypertension, and GI issues. b) Extent of family’s ability to respond, based on objective appraisal of stress-producing situations- This family has been able to respond to the stressors that have been placed on them relatively well. They have had their ups and downs, but are a very close family and they rely heavily on ea ch other and help each other out. SS’s sons are very protective of their mother. c) Coping Strategies Utilized by all members of family-They work together as a family to get things accomplished. The boys have had to grow up quick. Working through one issue at a time. Make time for fun and for the 2 boys to participate in soccer. V. Family Functions a) Family’s need-response Patterns (affective function)- Very close knit family. They watch out for each other always. They go to soccer games together as a family to watch the 2 boys play. Take at least 2 family vacations each year with SS’s parents. Watch a lot of family movies together. Watch professional sports on TV. b) Socialization Function (child rearing practices, who is socializing agent for children, cultural beliefs that influence family’s child-rearing patterns)- SS is primary socializing agent. Discipline for bad behavior depends on what the infraction is, ranges from no TV to no friends over for bad grades or if school work not completed. c) Adequacy of home environment for children’s needs to play- have a large fenced-in backyard with an above-ground swimming pool. Pool table, ping-pong table. Bikes, soccer net  and balls, tennis rackets, TV room with xbox 360, DVD player, Computers. d) Health care function-SS has health insurance through her employer. Middle child now 18 and qualifies for Medicaid. The family sees a physician yearly for physicals. CS sees many different specialists. JS has frequent bouts of strep throat which makes him miss several school days each year. SS sees a rheumatologist for her RA.

Capital punishment -Criminals Need the Death Penalty essays

Capital punishment -Criminals Need the Death Penalty essays Is the death penalty fair?. It is a very controversial subject discussed by the experts. Has any one of these individuals listened to the rest of us? The answer in many cases is no. Australia and Americas Governments represent the people, their wishes, beliefs and ideals. That means, through elections, we decide what policies are to be passed. In the case of capital punishment, various polls report that seventy percent of Americans are in favour of the death sentence. That is a clear majority. So called experts are free to appeal this is wrong and speak freely. But the fact of the matter is seven out of ten Americans have calculated the problem of capital punishment according to their own values and beliefs. Their conclusion was favourable to the death penalty. The question of it being fair was answered by the majority - and the majority rules. Many experts who speak against the death penalty refer to it as barbaric. The definition of murder, is "the unlawful killing of a human being with hatred ." This is true but that is what a killer has done. Everyone should know that if you kill or rape then the death penalty is the punishment for the crime. If the person willingly committed the terrible act of taking a life, he would know that he would be subject to this penalty. Therefore, he decided to gamble on not being caught, or thought that he was above the law. In either case he willingly gave up his life with the taking of another. Critics argue that an innocent person may be put to death, and most agree this may happen. However, we must protect the people of this country from killers, and we have tried all other options. The trial court imposes death only after a post-conviction hearing, during which circumstances of the crime are reviewed. The accused may also appeal the decision or request a stay of execution as he sees fit. Although the risk of an accidental death is there, the legal actions are i ...

How to Write a Perfect CNA Resume (Examples Included)

How to Write a Perfect CNA Resume (Examples Included) it seems to be a constant refrain that there’s a shortage of good nurses out there to keep up with the medical demands of a rapidly aging, growing, and changing population. as the demand spikes for nurses, we’re also seeing more opportunities for a related, similarly ins)How to Write a Perfect Occupational Therapist ResumeHow to Write a Perfect Physician Assistant Resume (Examples Included)How to Write a Perfect Receptionist Resume (Examples Included)How to Create a Perfect Retail ResumeHow to Write a Perfect Sales Associate Resume (Examples Included)How to Write a Perfect Social Worker Resume (Examples Included)How to Write a Perfect Truck Driver Resume (With Examples)

Talking on the phone while driving should be legal in Florida Essay

Talking on the phone while driving should be legal in Florida - Essay Example Talking on the phone while driving should be legal in Florida because drivers can talk through hands-free devices, driving does not require the use of speech, and it is not as bad as drunk driving. Drivers in Florida should be able to talk on the phone while behind the wheel of their car because it is possible to talk through hands-free devices. Technology has progressed to the point where a person can talk through a mobile phone without needing to hold it up to their face. I agree that letting drivers talk on a phone held up to their ear may be dangerous because drivers will not be focused on the road ahead of them. However, hands-free devices make it possible to have a conversation while driving a car. So long as the driver can focus on driving safely, then it should be no problem to talk with a hands-free device. Secondly, it should be legal for Florida drivers to talk on the phone and drive at the same time because driving does not require them to talk. It is very common for people to use more than one of the senses at the same time. While a person is driving, they can use their eyes to focus on the road and use their ears and mouth to communicate with the person at the other end of the line. These latter two senses are either not required at all or are very rarely used while driving so that drivers can use multiple senses at the same time. Finally, it is acceptable to allow drivers in Florida to talk on the phone while traveling because it is far safer than driving drunk. Drunk drivers do not have control of their senses and may act irrationally, whereas drivers who talk on the phone at the same time are able to maintain control because they are not intoxicated. Everyone knows that driving while drunk is dangerous, but talking on the phone is considerably safer. I believe that driving and talking on the phone should be legal in Florida for all the reasons listed above. So far there is

The Boston Molasses Disaster Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

The Boston Molasses Disaster - Research Paper Example (Dodero, n.d). The Boston Molasses Disaster was of particular interest in lieu of this paper because it talked of an almost fictional sounding disaster that had wrecked Boston and claimed the lives of its people due to the negligence of USIA and its technicians who overlooked critical engineering procedures which resulted in the infamous disaster. The method and procedure this paper adopted was to study secondary research and develop a paper based on that, with help from the images and information from the newspapers available online from that time. As a result of this, it was found that USIA was to blame for the Boston Molasses Disaster and in a lengthy and costly legal trial that followed suit, they had to pay heavy damages to the victims of the disaster in compensation. In summation, it was discovered how this disaster changed future engineering and industry practices as a result of learning from the mistakes that had caused it in the first place. (figure 1.19) Table of Contents A bstract†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..2 Table of Contents†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦4 List of Figures†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.5 1. ... ............8 1.1.2. The Technology/Engineering Involved†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦11 2. The Investigation of the Boston Molasses Disaster†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦13 2.1 The Investigation†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦13 2.2 Findings†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦15 2.3 Recommendations†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.20 3. Impact on engineering practices†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚ ¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..22 4. Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.24 5. Works Cited†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...25 List of Figures 1. Figure 1.1. Boston Post, Jan16, 1919. News about the Molasses disaster. http://www.flickr.com/photos/boston_public_library/4901511429/in/set-72157624622085789/ 2. Figure 1.2. firemen standing in sticky molasses in the aftermath of the disaster http://www.flickr.com/photos/boston_public_library/4945271178/in/set-72157624622085789/ 3. Figure 1.3. Cutting tank to search for dead bodies underneath. http://www .flickr.com/photos/boston_public_library/4944687913/in/set-72157624622085789/ 4. Figure 1.4. Damaged fire house as a result of the disaster. http://www.flickr.com/photos/boston_public_library/4944687945/in/set-72157624622085789/ 5. Figure 1.5. Site of the disaster showing lumberyard. http://www.flickr.com/photos/boston_public_library/4944687987/in/set-72157624622085789/ 6. Figure 1.6. Twisted elevated structure. http://www.flickr.com/photos/boston_public_library/4945271280/in/set-72157624622085789/ 7. Figure 1.7. Another shot of the damaged