On Learning Theories Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

On Learning Theories - Essay Example As speculations are liable to change, so is cognitivism, the hypothesis that expresses that understudies learn through partner perceptions and encounters with their own particular manner of life. Some significant truth could be found in this hypothesis however like different speculations, it has its waterloos so reliance on only it is definitely not a smart thought. Constructivism then again says students comprehend through how they decipher and get data and encounters. Whatever learning hypothesis there is that an educator needs to apply, it ought to be underscored that nobody hypothesis is appropriate to a gathering of students as all individuals are remarkably extraordinary. As an educator, one ought to think about all the hypotheses and see additionally that consolidating them everything isn't the solution for accomplishing the best from them yet to see how students are separately adapting to their instruction. Without a doubt, a teacher’s task stretches out a long ways pa st simply educating. Students are interestingly extraordinary and one perception in a gathering doesn't generally mean it is material in another gathering or a person. Along these lines, it is intriguing for an instructor to take note of this hypothesis and be extremely cautious with how one arrangements with understudies as for the hypothesis. For example, Thorndike’s law of impact has been demonstrated to have various reactions with regards to reward and discipline so an instructor ought not demand rebuffing in the event that it doesn't result to the best result from the student. Practices of students that are quantifiable like the molding of Pavlov, Watson and skinner.

John’s Termination Essay

This paper is about Mr. John who has been ended by his chief and the explanation for this end was the unacceptable standard of work that he did. This was truly astonishing for John as nobody had ever protested about the work he did thus he was shocked when he came to think about the end. Notwithstanding, it was not so much the flaw of John as he had never been remedied because of which he didn't think about his missteps. It is consistently savvy for the administration to decide on specific strides before the end and significantly after the end as it can have unfavorable effects on different representatives working in the association. Before ending John, it was the obligation of the administration to illuminate and to caution him about his presentation at fill in as it isn't moral to end him along these lines. Since the time a representative is recruited, it is the duty of the human asset branch of an association to care for the workers. Right off the bat, they should lead a compelling enrollment procedure and securitizing of representatives ought to be done cautiously with the goal that the worker can meet the desires for the activity. When the worker is recruited, appropriate preparing must be given, anyway still if any representative isn't fit he should initially be cautioned and ought to be inquired as to whether he doesn't show any advance, he should be moved to some other division or must be given some other activity that suits his capability and experience as end ought to consistently be the last choice for the administration to decide on. The explanation for this is end consistently leaves a negative effect not simply on the representative who has been fired yet on the current workers just as they would expect that even they can likewise be ended in future. (Leat, 2001).

Where WAS I

Where WAS I I am starting to run out of excuses for when I disappear for long periods of time and then come back mysteriously with scratches on my face and the arm of my coat ripped three-quarters of the way off. I always seem to make it back with some sort of lame and totally transparent reason for why I havent posted in over twelve decades (I was sick, I had finals, I was off adopting a child from Abu Dhabi)(oh, did I forget to blog that last one? My bad, guys), but I dont think this time that will suffice. So Im trying something new this time, a new reason for why in the time it has taken me to write this new blog entry I have grown and shaved full-length two beards, and that reason is called the truth. Yes, folks, Im about to tell you the truth, and man, is it a doozy. You guys dont even know. You want the real truth, the honest truth, nothing-but-the-truth? YOU CANT HANDLE THE TRUTH. The truth is I donated blood about a month ago, and I guess I just didnt eat enough that day, and, well, its a month later. I woke up on the floor of the blood bank with a free sticker that said HUG ME, I DONATED BLOOD TODAY stuck to my eyelid and a little pamphlet on not engaging in vigorous physical activity for the next twenty-four hours. Or more like twenty-four days. Im kind of irritated I lost so much time, but what can you do? I am pretty sure the Red Cross took some other stuff too a kidney? An ovary? Somethings gotta explain that three-inch scar but, whatever, Ive been doing okay without it thus far. No, but seriously. The real truth is I got swept up with a group of hippies and have been hitchhiking across America, and as such thats put my MIT career (and blogging abilities) on hold. I mean, Ive been traveling on horseback with a group of mounties. They let me wear their hats sometimes, and made fun of me when I try to use the word aboot. I was on a fishing trip deep in the arctic. I spent the last month observing the mating habits of the narwhal. I got a promotion at Oberlin, so I moved to Ohio and, well, nobody in Boston ever heard from me again. Nope, wait, thats Ben Jones. Guys. No. Listen. The truth is, guys, I joined a cult. I really didnt mean to; I guess thats what everyone says, though, right? So Im going to the Galleria to pick up some extra socks (its just starting to get extra freezing here in New England, and Burton-Conner laundry machines always cost $0.75 and three of your favorite socks), and I hail this cab turns out my driver is this guy with an incredible tan, like REALLY tan. So we started talking, and, well, now I have no idea where the last month went. But as it turns out conjoined words having to do with Web 2.0 are generally frowned upon in those circles, particularly the word blog, so I really wasnt permitted to be writing about my life at a school of technology. Also, they erased all my email. (Also, thats why I havent called in a while, Mom.) Actually, to be completely honest, MIT is hard. (For the record, I wrote this post and therefore came up with that sentiment before Snively, and MIT is still hard even if you study biology.) Dont let anyone else tell you otherwise, even the little voice in your head thats telling you to just strap on your hiking boots and go for a twelve-hour apple picking trip this Saturday. I sort of forgot that MIT is hard, as I tend to do, and then after I got out of my vomity-sickness coma I really remembered it, like smack-you-in-the-face-with-a-failing-grade-on-your-lab-report remembered it, and then all of a sudden I was really behind on all my classes and not only that! Also, on The Office and when I get behind on The Office I get cranky and go around slamming doors while everyone else is all, Wait, so youre not coming apple picking with us? (Im serious about the email though I mean, it wasnt entirely erased, but I transferred it all to Gmail and now I cant find those questions people emailed me to respond to, because I had them tagged specially in my Apple mail. I know I meant to write about FAP which was over TWO MONTHS AGO, gah but I did have some outstanding questions that never got any love. So if youll send me more Qs, Ill try to give you more As. K?) Anyway, thats all I have for now, and Ill try not to disappear again for such a long time. Right now, though, Im leaving you again my Abu Dhabian child is crying for my attention, and he can only wait so long. (His name is Usman, in case you were curious. And you think I dont tell you things!)

The Crucible By Arthur Miller - 876 Words

Arthur Millers’ novel â€Å" The Crucible† is a wicked story, filled with love, hatred, and mysterious scandals. The Crucible introduces us to witchcraft and strange ways people walked with the devil. In this novel you’ll find out who’s a real Christian and who is misleading others in there path. In The Crucible it reveals the truth and the lies of everyone. Mostly women were accused of lying about witchcraft. The people in Salem thought witchcraft was a suspicious thing. In The Crucible, Abigail Williams takes out her pain and love for John Proctor, out on other people just so she can be with him forever. Abigail is a sneaky , conniving â€Å"whore† who is wrapped around John Proctor. As time goes on Abigail love for John Proctor grew so intense.†¦show more content†¦Abigail now strikes the town accusing everyone of witchcraft. Abigail has caused so much sensation in the town but yet no one suspects Abigail at first. Abigail was blamed f or the events that took place in Salem. Abigail tried to blame so many innocent people for her mysterious ways. In Act I of The Crucible , Betty, Abigail’s cousin had falling in a strange coma. The coma stuns so many people in Salem that they said Betty was apart of witchcraft. The people in Salem wondered why Betty was in a coma but in reality it was Abigail’s fault. â€Å" My, you seem improving. I talked to your papa and I told him everything. So there’s nothing to—â€Å" (20). This made Betty worry and she faked a coma. It was Abigail s fault because she made all the girls go in the woods and dance naked, drinking a charm so they could kill Elizabeth Proctor. Abigail also lied to cover up what she did in the woods by lying to Putman. â€Å"No, he’ll be comin’ up. Listen, now; if they be questioning us, tell them we danced - I told him as much already,† (19). Abigail’s madness does not stop here. Abigail noticed the charm does not work to kill Elizabeth. Abigail noticed that she has to do more than just drink a charm. Abigail is the blame for Elizabeth Proctor being accused of witchcraft. She accuses Elizabeth, because she wants John. She lusts him, and the only reason she lust him is because of the affair she had with John Proctor. â€Å"I look for John Proctor

The Effects Of Violent Video Games On Children - 1790 Words

Valerie Duff Dr. Van Stavern Writing 121 30 January 2016 Gaming the Violent Life Throughout recent years there has been many stories, well, more like excuses that adolescents have blamed violent video games for their violent behaviors. Can children truly use this as their excuse anymore? Many studies on this subject have recently been in the spotlight over the concern of young violent offenders, with numerous governing leaders and child developmental specialist concerned whether violent video games are the true cause of violence in children. With the growing number of school shootings and violent acts that children are displaying throughout the nation, it makes you wonder if the main cause can be just as simple as a violent video game. If so, cannot playing violent video games prevent such violence? The use of violent video games is not an excuse for children that have aggressive or violent behavior because other factors are involved in children with violent behaviors. Before video games engulfed many children’s daily routines, they used to play outside. That’s right, outside. This allowed them to spend all their untapped energy, aggression, and craziness physically playing with their fellow friends. Children following the acts like, The Three Stooges, Looney Toons, and Ninja Turtles. Fournis wrote, â€Å"Overall the influence on aggressiveness was weak and less significant than that of violence on television† (Fournis). There are many memories that I can recall beforeShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Violent Video Games On Children1074 Words   |  5 PagesVideo Games. Anderson et al. (2008), Anderson et al. (2010), Browne and Hamilton-Giachritsis (2005), Erwin and Morton (2008), Gentile and Stone (2005), and Jason et al. (2005) revealed a correlation between violent video games with immediate and later aggressive behavior. All of the research for the effects of violent videos games are conducted on older children and current research has not yet studied young children or preschoolers. It is important to note what research exclaims about the long-termRead MoreViolent Video Games Effect On Children1654 Words   |  7 Pagessamples of the dialog talked between kids who play games such as like â€Å"Call of Duty† or â€Å"Halo†. In today s age, kids frequently boast about the quantity of players they figured out how to kill while playing these video games. Two decades ago, this would not be the typical waste of time of an eleven year old, yet now kids are seeing this kind of brutal movement as simply one more approach to take a break on a Saturday morning. Since the video game market is blastin g at this moment because of progressiveRead MoreViolent Video Games Effects On Children934 Words   |  4 Pagestodays’ society is Violent video games effect negatively on youngsters. This issue is growing because many of these games are featured aggressive elements that lead youngsters towards violence. For most players, video games are fun but also violent games take over the lives of some player. Since the world of video games was started in the 1980s, the video games still getting new level of popularity in this world. Most people are getting really addictive of these violent video games. The first importantRead MoreViolent Video Games and Their Effect on Children2104 Words   |  9 PagesProfessor Colbert English 128-03 7 April 2010 Violent Video Games and Their Effect on Children Ever since the creation of the first video game, they have had a certain effect on the individuals who play them. As video games have become more advanced and elaborate, children’s interest is at an all time high. With the degree of violence that has been a part of video games since the early 1990’s, parents and activists have claimed that these games are affecting children negatively. This claim only seems toRead MoreThe Effects Of Violent Video Games On Children1359 Words   |  6 PagesKhan, Mohammad Salman English 1001 Rebekah Barton 5/4/2015 Effects of Violent Video Games â€Å"Boom! Headshot† â€Å"Time to kill that commie bastard† these are not from some war movies or documentaries. These are the dialogues of some recent games in market. In modern age, children often feel proud about the number of people or enemy they managed to kill when they are playing these games in various console. While even a decade before, this would not be the normal past time of an eleven year old teenage kidRead MoreThe Effects Of Violent Video Games On Children Essay1558 Words   |  7 Pages† Studies has shown that children that play violent video games desensitize players to real-life acts of violence, the Journal of Experimental Social Psychology says that it is a reduction in emotion-related physiological reactivity to real violence. It is also proven that people who are desensitized to violence are likely to commit a violent crime of some type. In 2011 there was a study that resulted in the finding of a link between the exposure of violent vide o games and an increase in aggressionRead MoreThe Effects Of Violent Video Games On Children2016 Words   |  9 PagesMaisonneuve Professor Haynes CENG 102 04 December 2015 The Effects of Violent Video Games On Children Newton N. Minow once said, â€Å"Children will watch anything, and when a broadcaster uses crime and violence and other shoddy devices to monopolize a child’s attention, it’s worse than taking candy from a baby. It is taking precious time from the process of growing up†.The media is a powerful tool that in a very influence on children. There are many things that the youth in today s society isRead MoreThe Effects Of Violent Video Games On Children1258 Words   |  6 Pagesminutes into playing a violent video game the average person becomes desensitized to the fact that they are killing someone. Now it it may seem like nothing when you play these games. But when people, especially children play them often it starts to become the only thing that they think about. Even if it is â€Å"just a character† in a game it becomes so to them to pull that trigger. I’ve witnessed this happen in my own household and I don’t hesitate to say: violent v ideo games are poisonous to the brainRead MoreThe Effects Of Violent Video Games On Children902 Words   |  4 Pagesrestless minds. Violent video games are a conflict in modern day society because children are witnessing harsh behaviors that are conditioning them to believe it is acceptable to commit these actions displayed before their eyes. There are many health effects that are involved with participating in these products of entertainment such as an increase in aggression, poor social skills and the formation of terrible habits. The ideas that will be discussed in this essay will pertain to how children are becomingRead MoreThe Effects Of Violent Video Games On Children Essay1670 Words   |  7 Pagestoday’s society are adamant about their teenagers refraining from playing violent video games. Specifically, parents worry about their children playing mature-rated video games that feature blood, gore, vulgar language, use of drugs, and intense violence. Quite a few of th ese parents believe that their children can be heavily influenced by these brutal video games, which will in turn raise their teenagers to become violent, aggressive, and criminal minded individuals. In hindsight, these parents

Women’s Judo Debate Free Essays

Women’s Judo My dear fellow judos, martial arts practitioners and sports women, l, Gamma Gibbons, am delighted you have joined me today to unravel the nauseating, adverse light that has been shown upon women’s Judo recently. After, having unfortunately been exposed to an atrocity of a biased article revolved around yours truly, I felt compelled to express my rage and dismay towards the sexist, ignorant writer behind these fabricated words, Andrew M Brown. Ladies, who is he to tell us which sports are socially acceptable to practice? Does he have the right to make sexist remarks bout our careers, when he himself, has spent time In a mental ward? Mr. We will write a custom essay sample on Women’s Judo Debate or any similar topic only for you Order Now . Brown, your article creates the wrong assessment of the beautifully orchestrated sport of women’s judo. In your absurd article, you have displayed forms of incredibly offensive sexism, relating to my sport. The showcasing of your old fashioned opinions towards women being dominant in a strong sport has infuriated me. Your lack of understanding and knowledge for female athletes participating In any sport, only make you look thick and sexist. Being a Judo myself, I have first hand experience of he sport, which puts me in a respectable position to inform that your accusations circling the sport is indeed, false. I apologize for my inconsiderate behavior, a Judo Mr.. Brown, is someone who practices Judo as a sport, male or female. Clearly from your fictional lies mentioned in your article you have no significant knowledge of the sport let alone the names of Its professional practitioners. I am not exactly sure how he could have the tremendous talent of successfully enraging the entire sports community from Just the insensitive, foul, sexist language used in the title of your written piece. The title – a few words in length and Mr.. Brown has already showcased his hidden talent of triggering the anger in a group of female athletes in just one click of the publish button. His disregard towards not only the sport but Its athletes have immediately given the text a very condescending and patrolling voice as narrator, referring to Judos as â€Å"girls†. I’ll have It known to you Mr.. Brown, that the entire female Olympic judo team includes adults ages 26 and above. He must have been blinded by the â€Å"disturbing† sight of a popular Olympic event that consists of watching â€Å"girls beat each other up†. If he is so emotionally â€Å"unsettled† by watching a match, we’re happy to direct him back to his soap operas at home. HIS referral to the sport using what I consider street slang Infuriates me as the implication that no skill or training is required in order to participate in the sport. His low class view sickens me, furthering my disgust when he compares my match between my opponents as â€Å"two drunken women bashing ten bells out of each other†. How dare he dishonor this highly respected Olympic sport? He is a writer not a sports critic, so a piece of advice for Mr.. Brown, stick to your own career. We do not â€Å"beat† or Have some respect for the commitment and strength it takes to hold a sport like judo. Additionally, I find it incredible that he can assert that he â€Å"probably sound appallingly sexist†. He has predicted his own criticism, suggesting the fact that he is fully aware that his discriminative mind is unsuitable for expressing his concern over a female sport, that’s better known for its male practitioners. His condescending tone sounds as if he assumes that everyone will understand his reasoning. Newsflash Mr.. Brown, we are not so easily fooled by your attempt to evoke a family man status for yourself n order to counterbalance and deflect the controversy you caused. Anecdotes about his daughters have made me wonder, what if he had sons? Would his views be the same? He is only trying to step into the role of a respectable man to dodge the criticism he would receive; his literacy devices did not have its effects on us though right, ladies? Does he really call himself a writer? His opinion is old- fashioned portraying women as the weaker, inferior people in this society, describing our â€Å"soft limbs battered black and blue with bruises† after a match. We are a lot stronger than you think Mr.. Brown, we can handle a few bruises and scratches but not in any way are our limbs any softer than your office restrained limbs. In conclusion, as I have ferociously argued against Mr.. Brown’s fabricated Judgments on a highly honorable Olympic sport, my opinions and feeling lie obvious. I am extremely appalled and repulsed by his sexist views and ignorant voice regarding not only me but also my fellow Judos and many other female athletes. I hope that I have conveyed my message across that women’s Judo is far more skill related and respectable than what meets a washed up, sexist writer’s eyes. How to cite Women’s Judo Debate, Papers

Health Variation

Question: Discuss about theHealth Variation. Answer: Introduction Down syndrome is a genetic condition triggered by the complete or partially existence of a third copy of chromosome 21. It is frequently associated with characteristic facial features, delayed physical development, distinctive physical characters and slight to moderate intellectual disabilities. They have specific health care necessities above and beyond standard therapeutic care. There is no actual cure for Down syndrome and type 1 diabetes but According to Evert et al.care, support and specialised education can enhance their quality of life and life expectancy. This essay will evaluate the health challenges and their potential impacts on the man who is constantly coping with a cognitive impairment and disability. Using the ICF model, how this mans activity and participation are affected by his disability and chronic illness will be described. Lastly, nursing interventions for managing his chronic illness to ensure his optimal health and wellbeing will be identified. The man not only suffers from Down syndrome with moderate intellectual disability but also chronic health issue of type 1 diabetes. These health challenges possess many negative impacts on that man through the lifespan. According to Scott Havercamp (2016), the psychomotor development tends to make a longer time to present itself and thus it makes him intellectually disabled to moderate level. Patients with intellectual disability needs more time to acquire, adapt and respond to any task. Patients like him find it hard to generalise, conceptualise, abstract and transfer information. It is particularly hard for him to learn and track a figure of directions at the same phase. When it comes to the memory, they face trouble in both short-term and long-term retentions (Cardol et al., 2012). Language is perhaps that area where deliberated improvement is most evident. Individuals like him with Down syndrome faces a hard time giving answers by speaking. Communication is a big barrier for dis ables with Down syndrome. They rely more on body languages such as signs and gestures. Down syndrome also acts as a barrier for building cognitive and social skills (Taggart Cousins, 2014). Generalised anxiety is another impact of his health challenges. Situational anxiety is sometimes manifest during transitions to a new situation. Some depressive symptoms are also observed in this type of patients due to their physical and mental infirmities. The most vital aspect of depression in adults with Down syndrome is its link with harmful factors like chronic illnesses (Shireman et al., 2010). This man is also suffering from a chronic illness which is type 1 diabetes. This disease adds more adverse impacts on this patient and makes his health challenges and his quality of life more problematic (Chang Johnson 2014). In this autoimmune disease, his own immune system damages the beta cells which makes insulin. Type 1 diabetes is strongly related to subsequent physical incapacity and affect s mobility and daily living conditions (Cardol et al., 2012 and MacRae et al. 2015). He is incapable to take appropriate care of his health and chronic illnesses. Thus, it makes him more dependable on others to maintain his medical needs. International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) is a framework based on the principles of primary health where the environment of people as well as participation and activities is considered central to their health and wellbeing. ICF has two core domains: 1) Functioning and disability which measures body function structure and activity participations; 2) Contextual factors which evaluates environmental influences and personal factors. The ICF can be applied across the entire lifespan and is also suitable for all age groups (Rouquette et al., 2015). For assessing how the mans activity and participation are potentially affected across his lifespan, finding his level of disability is very important. This man is moderate intellectually disable. His disability is impairing his intellectual, emotional and physical capacities. This conditions have affected his social activities and participation from his childhood. He is still attaining a disability-specific day p rogram for improving his disabilities. Communication, interpersonal interaction and cognitive skills is also affected because of his disabilities. Type 1 diabetes is a chronic illness and strongly affects mobility and daily living conditions. Down syndrome along with type 1 diabetes causes muscle hypotonicity and this reduces the activity level and energy requirement of the patient (Taggart et al., 2013). His intellectual disability does not allow him not to take self-care. Problems in his body's physiological function and structure affected his normal actions across the lifespan. As stated by Rouquette et al. (2015), these factors sometimes lead to depression and elderly adults with diabetes possess double the normal risks of depression. Depressed individuals may be incapable of perceiving positivity in their environment. His disability and chronic illness create activity and performance limitations for him and also make him incapable of doing basic works of life. He is less profic ient in a range of domestic and social tasks and interactions. The combination of all these factors illustrates how the man has become intellectually and somewhat physically disabled by his Down syndrome and chronic illness. In this situation it is the responsibility of a community nurse to provide such an environment that will balance his need and will promote participation by improving his activity limitations. Type 1 diabetes is triggered by destruction of beta cells up to 80-90%. Due to the lack of these insulin-producing beta cells, blood sugar levels becomes higher and give rise to chronic illness. Managing type 1 diabetes is very important for a community nurse and when the patient is a Down syndrome man with moderate intellectual disability, caregiving becomes more challenging. One of the most important nursing intervention of type 1 diabetes for patients with Down syndrome is medical nutrition therapy (MNT). This therapy is beneficial for managing type 1 diabetes and complications related to it (Evert et al., 2014). Goals of medical nutrition therapy are: Maintaining blood sugar level at a normal range or as close to the normal range as possible Maintaining lipid and lipoprotein profiles that can reduce the risks of cardiovascular diseases Preventing or slowing down the frequency of development of chronic difficulties by changing diet and lifestyle pattern Maintaining proper medication for controlling the health issues Addressing nutritional requirements of individuals, taking into account the personal and cultural inclinations and willingness to change (Evert et al., 2014) According to Evert et al. (2014), nutritional interventions for type 1 diabetes is effective for disease control. Clinical results of medical nutrition therapy have demonstrated a reduction in HbA1c(A1C) of 1% in type 1 diabetes. Nutritional recommendation cant be made for complete prevention of type 1 diabetes but blood sugar level can be controlled by effective medication. Insulin to carbohydrate ratio are used to adjust mealtime medication regimens. Medical nutrition therapy can improve A1C and can have a positive effect on quality of life, psychological well-being and satisfaction with treatment. As a community nurse for a Down syndrome patient with type 1 diabetes, it is vital to gather information about his medical history and use MNT as a nursing intervention. A personal counselling of the man and discussing his conditions with other support staffs in essential for successful implementation of the nursing strategy (Shireman et al., 2010). The main nutritional priority for the patient is to integrate an insulin therapy into his lifestyle. Out of many available insulin options, an appropriate insulin therapy must be developed in concern with his preferred food choices, meal routine and pattern of his physical activities (McVilly et al., 2014). With a proper insulin regimen for him, regular carbohydrate intake should be kept stable with respect to amount and time. A good cardiovascular health activity plan is also required for his physical and mental refreshment (Heller et al., 2014). Insulin dose must be adjusted for a planned health activity pattern. Beside medical treatments, an associated learning is required to provide the man with the knowledge and skill of self-care (Haas et al., 2013). It is important for a caregiver to understand the patients special situation and requirements and implement MNT according to those situations. With the help of community nurse and other supportive people, this man can achieve a better quality of life despite his disabilities. Conclusion In the end of this essay, it is clear that people with Down syndrome constantly cope with many physical and emotional complications. Understanding the interaction between intellectual disability due to Down syndrome and chronic illness is vital for nursing caregivers in order to improve and inform their practice. A responsible nurse cannot only give emphasis on the chronic illness, but also needs to recognize and appreciate the association between the functional impairments, activity limitation and also restrictions in participations. It is the responsibility of a community nurse to provide care beyond her duties. This essay has explained how maintaining the blood sugar level with proper diet, regimen of insulin and health activity can improve the mans quality of life. A profound knowledge of these elements can enhance the practice method a nurse through the adaptation of interventions that will have a greater possibility of being effective. References Cardol, M., Rijken, M., van Schrojenstein Lantman-de Valk, H. (2012). People with mild to moderate intellectual disability talking about their diabetes and how they manage.Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 56(4), 351-360. Chang, E., Johnson, A. (Eds.). (2014).Chronic illness and disability: Principles for nursing practice. Elsevier Health Sciences. Evert, A. B., Boucher, J. L., Cypress, M., Dunbar, S. A., Franz, M. J., Mayer-Davis, E. J., Yancy, W. S. (2014). Nutrition therapy recommendations for the management of adults with diabetes.Diabetes care,37(Supplement 1), 120-S143. Haas, L., Maryniuk, M., Beck, J., Cox, C. E., Duker, P., Edwards, L., McLaughlin, S. (2013). National standards for diabetes self-management education and support.Diabetes care,36(Supplement 1), 100-S108. Heller, T., Fisher, D., Marks, B., Hsieh, K. (2014). Interventions to promote health: crossing networks of intellectual and developmental disabilities and ageing.Disability and health journal,7(1), 24-S32. MacRae, S., Brown, M., Karatzias, T., Taggart, L., Truesdale-Kennedy, M., Walley, R., Davies, M. (2015). Diabetes in people with intellectual disabilities: A systematic review of the literature.Research in developmental disabilities,47, 352-374. McVilly, K., McGillivray, J., Curtis, A., Lehmann, J., Morrish, L., Speight, J. (2014). Diabetes in people with an intellectual disability: a systematic review of prevalence, incidence and impact.Diabetic Medicine,31(8), 897-904. Rouquette, A., Badley, E. M., Falissard, B., Dub, T., Leplege, A., Coste, J. (2015). Moderators, mediators, and bidirectional relationships in the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) framework: An empirical investigation using a longitudinal design and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM).Social Science Medicine,135, 133-142. Scott, H. M., Havercamp, S. M. (2016). Systematic Review of Health Promotion Programs Focused on Behavioral Changes for People With Intellectual Disability.Intellectual and developmental disabilities,54(1), 63-76. Shireman, T. I., Reichard, A., Nazir, N., Backes, J. M., Greiner, K. A. (2010). Quality of diabetes care for adults with developmental disabilities. Disability and health journal,3(3), 179-185. Taggart, L., Cousins, W. (2014).Health promotion for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities. McGraw-Hill Education (UK). Taggart, L., Coates, V., Truesdale-Kennedy, M. (2013). Management and quality indicators of diabetes mellitus in people with intellectual disabilities. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research,57(12), 1152-1163

Peyton Place Essays - 20th Century Fox Films, Peyton Place

Peyton Place Peyton Place by Grace Metalious In 1956, a woman from middle class Manchester, New Hampshire wrote a book that shocked the nation. At 32 years old, Grace Metalious wrote the blockbuster novel Peyton Place. It transformed the publishing industry and made the author one of the most talked about people in the nation. Metalious wrote about incest, abortion, sex, rape, adultery, repression, lust, and the secrets of small town New England, things that were never discussed before in conservative America. She interpreted incest, wife beating, and poverty as social failures instead of individual flops. When Metalious published Peyton Place, the country was in the grasp of a new wave of sexual panic. The book turned the ?private? into the ?political.? The avant-garde disturbed the country and critics called the book ?wicked,? ?sordid,? and ?cheap.? Canada declared it indecent and made the importation of the book illegal. Parts of Rhode Island, Indiana, and Nebraska followed suit arguing that the book would corrupt young mind s. Wealthy communities banished Peyton Place. To read Peyton Place was to read it in secret and were sometimes discussed only among the closest of friends. Everyone was reading it ? college and high school students, college graduates, mothers, wives, and even husbands and fathers. In 1956, a sexual act such as sodomy, oral sex, and intercourse with another married person in most states was illegal. Also, abortion was illegal, and birth control was unreliable and in many cases, difficult to find. To many critics, Metalious' book was not scandalous because of its case in point, but because of the sexual pleasures that were received and given by the female characters. Peyton Place begins with Indian summer in 1939. It takes place in a very descriptive, postcardesque New England town. The main story focuses on three women characters and their underlying search for their identities as sexual women in small town America. Allison Mackenzie is the bastard daughter of Constance Mackenzie who had an affair with a married man. She illegally changed Allison's birth certificate and lied to the Peyton Place locals that her husband died. Connie didn't want any of the town folk to find out the truth that the father of her child was a married man because she would become the town gossip of ridicule. She kept this secret to herself, and only to herself until an argument between her and Allison occurred when Connie thought Allison was having sex with one of her friends, and so she lashed out the truth to Allison. As a child, Allison was always teased about being childish, and not interested in boys, and always into books. But as she grew up she was full of confli cting sexual emotions, and after graduating high school, she left Peyton Place to pursue a writing career in New York. Connie Mackenzie, to her neighbors, was a beautiful, young, widow that owned her own thrift store. Many eligible bachelors Everyone had a desire for her and wished to have her, until Thomas Makris, a teacher from New York City arrives into town to take the job of headmaster at the Peyton Place grade school. Thomas pursues Connie and terrified that he knows her secret, she avoids him. He shows up at her house one night and persuades her to a date, which leads to him raping her. They stay together and end up in marriage. As the third main female character, Selena Cross is probably the most significant. She was the same age as Allison. She lived in a shack with her little brother Joey, deranged mother and alcoholic stepfather, Lucas Cross. She lived an abusive life with Lucas drinking, beating her mother, beating her, and sexually violating her. He gets Selena pregnant and she secretly gets an illegal abortion from the town doctor, who forces Lucas to disappear from Peyton Place and never come back or everyone will know what he did to his daughter. Selena works at Connie's store and becomes manager when her mother, stricken with cancer, commits suicide. In 1944, during a snowstorm, Lucas Cross, now part of the U.S. Navy, shows up at Selena's house drunk and coming on to her. One thing leads to another and she kills

History and Timeline of the Battery

History and Timeline of the Battery A battery, which is actually an electric cell, is a device that produces electricity from a chemical reaction. In a one cell battery, you would find a negative electrode; an electrolyte, which conducts ions; a separator, also an ion conductor; and a positive electrode. Timeline of Battery History 1748- Benjamin Franklin first coined the term battery to describe an array of charged glass plates.1780 to 1786- Luigi Galvani demonstrated what we now understand to be the electrical basis of nerve impulses and provided the cornerstone of research for later inventors like Volta to create batteries.1800 Voltaic Pile- Alessandro Volta invented the Voltaic Pile and discovered the first practical method of generating electricity. Constructed of alternating discs of zinc and copper with pieces of cardboard soaked in brine between the metals, the Voltaic Pile produced electrical current. The metallic conducting arc was used to carry the electricity over a greater distance. Alessandro Voltas voltaic pile was the first wet cell battery that produced a reliable, steady current of electricity.1836 Daniell Cell- The Voltaic Pile could not deliver an electrical current for a long period of time. Englishman, John F. Daniell invented the Daniell Cell that used two electrolytes: copper sulfate and zinc sulfate. The Daniel Cell lasted longer than the Volta cell or pile. This battery, which produced about 1.1 volts, was used to power objects such as telegraphs, telephones, and doorbells, remained popular in homes for over 100 years. 1839 Fuel Cell- William Robert Grove developed the first fuel cell, which produced electrical by combining hydrogen and oxygen.1839 to 1842- Inventors created improvements to batteries that used liquid electrodes to produce electricity. Bunsen (1842) and Grove (1839) invented the most successful.1859 Rechargeable- French inventor, Gaston Plante developed the first practical storage lead-acid battery that could be recharged (secondary battery). This type of battery is primarily used in cars today.1866 Leclanche Carbon-Zinc Cell- French engineer, Georges Leclanche patented the carbon-zinc wet cell battery called the Leclanche cell. According to The History of Batteries: George Leclanches original cell was assembled in a porous pot. The positive electrode consisted of crushed manganese dioxide with a little carbon mixed in. The negative pole was a zinc rod. The cathode was packed into the pot, and a carbon rod was inserted to act as a current collector. The anode or zinc rod and the pot were then immersed in an ammonium chloride solution. The liquid acted as the electrolyte, readily seeping through the porous cup and making contact with the cathode material. The liquid acted as the electrolyte, readily seeping through the porous cup and making contact with the cathode material. Georges Leclanche then further improved his design by substituting the ammonium chloride paste for liquid electrolyte and invented a method of sealing the battery, inventing the first dry cell, an improved design that was now transportable. 1881- J.A. Thiebaut patented the first battery with both the negative electrode and porous pot placed in a zinc cup.1881- Carl Gassner invented the first commercially successful dry cell battery (zinc-carbon cell).1899- Waldmar Jungner invented the first nickel-cadmium rechargeable battery.1901 Alkaline Storage- Thomas Alva Edison invented the alkaline storage battery. Thomas Edisons alkaline cell had iron as the anode material (-) and nickelic oxide as the cathode material ().1949 Alkaline-Manganese Battery- Lew Urry developed the small alkaline battery in 1949. The inventor was working for the Eveready Battery Co. at their research laboratory in Parma, Ohio. Alkaline batteries last five to eight times as long as zinc-carbon cells, their predecessors.1954 Solar Cells- Gerald Pearson, Calvin Fuller, and Daryl Chapin invented the first solar battery. A solar battery converts the suns energy into electricity. In 1954, Gerald Pearson, Calvin Fuller, and Daryl Chapin invented the first s olar battery. The inventors created an array of several strips of silicon (each about the size of a razor blade), placed them in sunlight, captured the free electrons and turned them into ​​electrical current. Bell Laboratories in New York announced the prototype manufacture of a new solar battery. Bell had funded the research. The first public service trial of the Bell Solar Battery began with a telephone carrier system (Americus, Georgia) on October 4, 1955. 1964- Duracell was incorporated.

Sex Education Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Sex Education - Research Paper Example Children are curious about sex.† (Sex Education at Home). The changing social and cultural conditions have made a huge impact on the minds of the people and more so among teenagers. There are a lot of issues pertaining to the development of teenagers particularly with regard to their sexual development. One of the most commonly encountered problems by the teenagers of today deals with their sexual desires and the age at which it is expressed. Teen pregnancy has also risen worldwide over the years which is mainly attributed to the lack of knowledge about abstaining from sex at very young age and the precautions that can be taken if in case they engage in sex. Teenage pregnancy is associated with the risk of sexually transmitted diseases, low-birth weight children, and in addition also affects the studies and subsequent career of teenagers. This has resulted in an increased dependence on sex education to help young children learn about sex (Rector and Johnson). With the rapid gro wth in information, the term sex is being often used in today’s world. ... One of the major recent problems associated with early expression of sexual desires is teen pregnancy. These issues have stressed the need and importance of sex education both at home and educational institutions in order to ensure good reproductive health and general wellbeing of children. Sex education in schools becomes even more warranted in cases where parents do not have appropriate education and resources to guide their children. It is the moral right of every child, especially girls, to be provided with sex education as it will help to prevent unwarranted pregnancies, sexually transmitted diseases and conditions such as suicide (Gabriela Women’s Party). It has been widely believed that youth should abstain from making decisions about their sexual preferences until they are at least 18 years of age or in other words till they complete their high school as research suggest that such children are able to perform better in their academics and are less likely to become scho ol-drop outs. It has been shown that children expelled from school due to the poor performance are less likely to do well in their life as they are left with little success in all their endeavors (Rector and Johnson). This has led to an increased focus on sex education for children right from a young age. Many people have argued against detailed sex education for children with the fear that they may negatively influence them. However, frightening people about sex and sexual practices have not helped them understand the morality of sex. â€Å"Attempts to impose narrow moralistic views about sex and sexuality on young people through sex education have failed.† Only

Lack of Universal Healthcare amongst people of Low Socioeconomic Essay

Lack of Universal Healthcare amongst people of Low Socioeconomic Status - Essay Example The situation has not changed since then. Pappas et al. has found that between 1960 and 1986, the gap between the mortality of people coming from low financial status and high financial status had increased a lot (Adler & Stewart, 2010, p.8). It was also found that as the income increases, the mortality rate decreases (Adler & Stewart, 2010, p.8). This makes it very clear that vulnerability to diseases and mortality of a person strongly depends on his financial status (Adler & Stewart, 2010, p.8). People in adult age group coming from lower income families suffer from poor health five times more than the people coming from high income families (Adler & Stewart, 2010, p.5). The sad thing is that, this situation applies even in case of children. Cohen et al. found that children belonging to lower SES families are more likely to develop health problems like â€Å"injury, asthma, ear diseases, physical inactivity etc.†, than the children from higher SES families (Adler & Stewart, 2010, p.9). One of the main factors for this difference is the environment. Environmental Hazards It has been found that the toxic waste of the different nature is dumped in areas where people from lower SES live (Adler & Stewart, 2010, p.12). These people are exposed to environmental hazards and they lack the resources to fight these hazards (Adler & Stewart, 2010, p.12). Moreover, people living in the lower SES communities follow unhealthy lifestyle as they are addicted to junk food, smoking, drugs and physical lethargy (Adler & Stewart, 2010, p.12). Also, the number of people who smoke is very large in the lower SES communities. This affects not only the health of people who smoke but also the health of their children and their neighbors...This paper presents the study of the background and the researches regarding the health disparity due to lower socioeconomic status. Every nation should try to provide equal treatment and opportunities to its people, regardless of their backgro und and socioeconomic status. As it is a birthright of every human being to enjoy health care facilities provided by the government and the health sectors. Living a healthy life is not only beneficial for personal life but is also important for healthy growth of the nation. The health disparity is also the result of the increase in the inequality level of the income in last thirty years. This disparity in the income level has severely distorted the equal distribution of health and social resources. In today’s world, where every little problem of human beings is solved with the help of innovative ideas and technology, the helpless situation experienced by people with lower SES is a blot on human. Health disparity occurs when certain groups of people do not get access to the available health resources due to their disadvantageous social or personal status. For example, people belonging to lower SES do not get proper and easy access to health screening, treatment options, culturally knowledgeable staff personnel, information on health benefits etc. The only way to eradicate the disparity in health care for people coming from lower SES is to provide them with adequate environmental facilities along with health care programs. However, what is most important is to make them feel cared for.

Problem Solving Process Wheel (PSP) Model

Problem Solving Process Wheel (PSP) Model TABLE OF CONTENTS THE MODEL (NAME DESCRIPTION) THE REASONS OUTCOMES PROBLEMS IDENTIFIED SOLUTIONS FOR THE PROBLEM EFFECTIVNESS OF THE MODEL REFERENCES THE MODEL (NAME DESCRIPTION) The model that I have chosen to address the given problem is Victor Newman’s PROBLEM SOLVING PROCESS wheel (PSP) model with that of the IDEAL framework model. The PSP model involves problem solving process that is divided into 8 steps. These eight points can be used as reference to manage the problem in hand. The psp model breaks down the problem into eight areas which then can be handled more efficiently and easily. The model is primarily divided into three areas as shown in figure- The FOUNDATION region comprises of three steps Identifying the problem Gathering the data Analysis of Data. The GENERATION region having two steps- Generating different solutions Selecting solution The EXECUTION region comprising of – Plan Test and rehearsal Action The following steps have been shown in the diagram- THE REASONS As I was going reading through net and various other sources I could related the fact that this model is similar to scenario where the captain in chopper has advantages as he can have a aerial view of the battlefield. That is it provides a opportunity to see big picture and manage our resources of time people and attention .The model helped me manage my tactics with background of a strategic model. So it enables me to give my attention on a particular area while simultaneously keeping in check the overall strategy. Its a combination of simplicity and accessibility. The model helps looks beyond the conventional techniques of problem solving to the underlying process. The eight identified stages explain how to recognize which technique is appropriate to which stage. Also I have chosen IDEAL framework along with this model though in very little percentage, because this framework gives systematic analysis which is required in the given problem and also it involves anticipation. OUTCOMES The first phase is the foundation phase in this model. Foundation phase involves the identified problems which in the given problem are that the staff is huge and most members are not aware of GROUPWISE. A small proportion of the staff is also not familiar with e-mail, they are novices. Also small number of staff shares computers. The data gathered from the given problem states that there is approximately a staff of 1200 .Most staff is familiar with Pegasus. Half of staff are academic, half are administration and management. There are three campuses of WINTEC in Hamilton, 1 in Auckland, 1 in Thames and 1 in Te Kuiti. Now comes the generation part where various solutions are generated. Planning has been carried out carefully keeping in mind the minutest of details which have been discussed further in solving the problem section where varies ways of addressing the problem have been taken up. Though action will taken first before testing and rehearsing as only after action we will be able to analyze the pros and cons of solution. PROBLEMS IDENTIFIED Problems that can identified from the given case is that there are- In total 6 campuses where installation of Group wise electronic diary application is required. There is good number of staff of 1200,most of them have never use the application. They are familiar with Pegasus. The staff members but covers all levels of computer expertise, from total novice to high power users fully experienced in programming, web designs, database management etc.. The semester teaching terms for the institute run from early February until late November with breaks in April, June and September. Summers school runs from late November to late January . No adequate number of systems for staff to work on Lack of internet excess major problem SOLUTIONS FOR THE PROBLEM With help of psp model and the now coming to generation phase – First the staff of 1200 should be divided into sub categories of the pro users and amateurs/novice users. That is division of staff in terms of two groups which comprises of a first group that has high power users fully experienced in programming ,web designs and database management. This group ‘A’ should be further divided into groups of database managers, web designers and programmers. The web designers will design a website for WINTEC so that various systems in different campuses can remain in contact. The programmers will design programmes so that data base of each member can be maintained along with salaries and fees respectively and other basic details .the last group will be of data managers will collect and maintain data from the program designed by programmers. The Group ‘B’ will have those who are new to system, emails amateurs etc. this group will be further divided equally in number across all campuses. Each group will have minimum of two managers who will come from Group A to teach the basics of system emails etc to them on regular basis and monitor their report. Further division of the computer lab spaces into different categories according to usage will be there . An ordinary lab set-up where general software including documentation tools that do not require much computing power will be there. In this way the staff members who have never used GroupWise and those not aware of basics shall be able to learn and contribute. All the lab spaces should be equipped with adequate number of systems as there are less number of systems as staff has to share with each other which may be of inconvenience plus time hampering Each campus lab will have a server which system which will be connected to the server of system in the other campus. That means there will be 6 servers in the network of WINTEC. Installation of wifi routers in each campus should be made mandatory with high security concerns because GroupWise will be web based so as to make it accessible to whole of the staff. This will solve the problem of lack of internet access problem. The integrity and security brief for the net access will require a setup that would allow student and staff access from their labs by connecting through the campus network but restrict general student access and prevent any campus IT traffic running over the link. This concern will also be kept in mind. Next big problem comes of installing and setup of the systems and soft ware across the campuses. Keeping in mind that regular teaching is not disturbed in campus which will include providing non disturbance atmosphere to the academic staff aswell.so all the installation setup should start April as this is the first month of break period and after that there are regular breaks in month of June which comes after May and then in September so starting installation in month of April will give adequate time to start process and work in full swing without hindrance as campus will be closed for students ,creating a win win situation for both students and academic staff and the installers. Though the work will slow down in May but again it can be started with full swing in June which is again a off month. as summer school runs from November to January, this April period will be the apt time to start installation across the campus of GroupWise application. In this way the WINTECH will have it campuses transformed its computer lab to a place not simply where students and staff could learn how to use software tools, but as somewhere where they can experience the GroupWise. EFFECTIVNESS OF THE MODEL It is important that the model which is selected for analyzing and addressing the problem is simple yet effective in use. The PSP model has been very responsive to my needs of the given problem.the quality of the model to map problems and attack them has rendered the problem a easy hand. Problem solving is usually very stressful. One is required to remember the process sufficiently as well as to picture it in one’s head and interpret it. The eight step model provides easy way to given problem with giving ample space to plan and implement as well as develop ideas. Its effectiveness can be seen in the model working where one can draft initial problem, gather and analyze some data and confirm it. The models has steps in which data is gather and analyzed, which is important because often problem is overlooked when gathering of data is there which usually has step of taking action unlike this model which involves analysis. The IDEAL framework was no matter how little but was taken into consideration because the problem required to take in to account the systematic analysis as installation was to be carried out in efficiently smoothly and cost effectively. REFERENCES Basic points and ideas from: https://www.msu.edu/~dwong/CEP991/CEP991Resources/Johnston-DeweySciAesth.pdf http://www2.gre.ac.uk/about/schools/business/about/departments/sms/staff/victor-newman generating a solution and points from: http://www.microsoft.com/casestudies/Microsoft-System-Center/University-of-Incheon/Using-a-Computer-Lab-as-the-Starting-Point-for-Students-Cloud-Computing-Experience/710000000867 model description and EFFECTIVNESS points were taken from: http://books.google.co.in/books description also taken from: http://www.ashgate.com/isbn/9780566075667

Renewable Energys Role In Future Energy Security Environmental Sciences Essay

Energy has become the lifeblood of the modern economic systems, without which the universe will come to a practical deadlock ; it is cardinal to the betterment of life conditions around the universe. For developed states, dependable energy fuels the engineerings and services that enrich and extend life. Energy powers advanced computing machines, improved transit, expanded communications, up-to-date medical equipment and processs, and much more. For developing states, spread outing dependable and low-cost supplies of energy supports and even accelerates alterations that improve and salvage lives. Reliable energy agencies expanded industry, modern agribusiness, increased trade and improved transit. These are constructing blocks of economic growing that create the occupations that help people escape poorness and make better lives for their kids. [ Santiago Exxon ] As the population of the universe additions and the economical state of affairs of developing states better, authoritiess are confronting the enormous challenge of run intoing the universe ‘s turning energy demands while cut downing the impact of energy usage on the environment. Today, approximately 1.5 billion people lack entree to electricity [ Santiago Exxon ] . Even more lack modern cookery and warming fuels. It is expected that the planetary energy demand in 2030 will be about 35 per centum higher than in 2005, where growing will be led by rapid enlargement in non-OECD states such as China and India, where energy use will lift by about 65 per centum. At the same clip, demand will be peculiarly intense for electric power coevals, which will consist 40 per centum of planetary energy demand by 2030. Figure 1. Global Energy Demand 2005-2030 by Type [ Santiago Exxon ] Electricity will play such an of import function in the development of the universe traveling frontward, that any lethargy in the growing of the electricity industry could throw one state far behind other parts in industrial, economic and societal growing. It is a primary input factor on which the advancement of the economic system of a state depends. Full use of other input factors, such as work force, land including irrigation, and capital-related resources of an economic system depend upon the handiness of electricity [ Santiago Hindu ] . In other words, it is non merely a cardinal input factor but it besides plays a strategic function in using to the full the other resources towards the advancement of the economic system. Figure 2. Global Energy Demand by Sector [ Santiago Exxon ] In add-on, electricity has become an indispensable factor in bettering the societal conditions and public assistance of people. It is the most indispensable and critical ingredient for the growing of the state in the societal, industrial, commercial, and agricultural sectors. The function of power sector in economic development is so enormous that economic experts frequently set up a one-to-one correspondence between energy and economic development, that ‘s why it has been good recognized as ‘the industry of industries ‘ or the as the ‘mother industry ‘ [ Santiago Hindu ] . Because of its importance, the electricity industry deserves precedence in development and necessary support for sustainability during the planning procedure of authoritiess.1.2. DebatableAs outlined in the old subdivision, energy has become important in the development of states around the universe, both economically and socially. The importance of energy in the future scheme of states has led to the creative activity of the term â€Å" Energy Security † , which is relates to the ability of each state to vouch the energy supply for its dwellers towards the hereafter. The World Energy Assessment study defines energy security as ‘the uninterrupted handiness of energy in varied signifiers in sufficient measures at sensible monetary values ‘ ( Adrian 2 ) . Several considerations have motivated states to follow an Energy Security policy: Energy must be supplied to all citizens, if non an unsustainable state of affairs could originate Energy up to a certain degree ( ‘lifeline energy ‘ ) is a basic necessity and should be provided to everyone, whether they can pay for it or non, if non environmental debasement will happen Effective demand ( demand backed by ability to pay at market determined monetary values ) must be met to the full, if non instability between rich and hapless will be created Safe, convenient energy is more desirable than traditional fuels due to wellness impact Energy should be available at all clip, if non high cost on economic system and damaging consequence to human wellbeing If demand is non met at competitory monetary values, economic system will be affected In the yesteryear, energy security was seen as the security of oil supplies, whereas more late OECD states have included the four following subjects in their energy policies ( Adrian 1 ) : Diverseness of energy supplies Diverseness of oil imports Reduced dependance on Middle East Low oil monetary value volatility Apart from these, authoritiess are planing energy security programs that include the usage of renewable beginnings of energy chiefly because of two grounds: The negative environmental effects that fossil fuels are doing the environment The possibility of a oil and coal depletion in the approaching old ages Harmonizing to the Energy Watch Group ‘s 2007 study, entire universe proved plus likely oil militias could be between 854 billion and 1,255 billion barrels. This sum could provide universe energy demand for 30 to 40 old ages if demand growing were to halt immediatly. On the other manus, harmonizing to the US EIA 2007 overview, at the current planetary sum energy ingestion rate, there is adequate coal to supply the full planet with all of its energy for 37 old ages, presuming 0 % growing in demand. Even though the possibility of fossil fuels depletion could go true in the long tally, there is a much bigger job that we are already sing today: Global Warming. This term referes to the environmental impact caused by the inordinate combustion of fossil fuels. This consequence is believed, by several scientists, to be the consequence of a strengthening of the nursery consequence largely due to human-produced additions in atmospheric nursery gases. Harmonizing to the International Plant Protection Convention ( IPPC ) , the temperatures increased sslowly from 1900 to 2000 and could increase exponentially between 2000 and 2100. A direct effect of this temperature changes is the runing glaciers and the sea degree rise ; fluctuations in the sea degree can hold really destructive effects and alteration perceptibly the land-sea boundary. Beginning: Projections IPPC study 1995 and 2001 As a consequence of the current and future drawbacks that fossil fuels face, it is really of import that authoritiess include the usage of renewable beginnings of energy in their energy security scheme traveling frontward.1.3. AimThe present work intends to make a scheme that could vouch India ‘s energy security towards 2030 by utilizing renewable beginnings energy to carry through it. This scheme will suggest a class of action for India in the approaching old ages, finding what types of renewable energy would be economically, politically, socially and technologically executable. The first portion of the papers analyzes the current socio-economic state of affairs in India, the current energy industry in footings of supply and demand, the energy mentality towards 2030, the energy resources in the state and the different chances and jobs in the hereafter of energy in India. The 2nd portion of the papers will develop a scheme of renewable energy beginnings based on the relevant findings of the first portion.1.4. JustificationIndia is one of the four BRIC states, which is a group acronym that refers to the states of Brazil, Rusia, Indian and China that are expected to go the four most dominant economic systems by the twelvemonth 2050 as they encompass over 25 % of the universe ‘s land coverage and 40 % of the universe ‘s population and keep a combined GDP ( PPP ) of 15.435 trillion dollars [ REFERENCE ] . These four states are among the biggest and fastest turning emerging markets. With a population of around 1.1 billion, India is the universe ‘s 2nd most thickly settled state and ranks fifth in the universe in footings of primary energy ingestion, accounting for about 3.5 per cent of the universe ‘s commercial energy demand. With a GDP growing rate of around 8 % , India is presently one of the fastest turning economic systems of the universe. Even by 2001, around 44 % of house-holds did non hold entree to electricity ( Census of India, 2001 ) . The state continues to confront electricity deficits, with an overall power deficit of 8.4 % and a top outing power deficit of 12.3 % in 2005/06. Despite gradual urbanisation, around 72 % of the state ‘s population resided in rural countries in 2001. Energy demands of several families, particularly those in the rural countries, continue to be met chiefly by inefficient traditional energy signifiers like fuel wood, harvest residue, and carnal waste. These fuels are non merely inconvenient to utilize and do indoor air pollution, but besides adversely affect the wellness of adult females and kids who are exposed to the usage of these fuels. Especifically, by 2030 India is expected to go the 3rd largest planetary energy consumer, catching Japan and Russia, due to population growing and lifting income degrees ( Madan ) . At the same clip, dependance on imported energy increased from 17.85 % of Entire Primary Commercial Energy Supply ( TPCES ) in 1991 to about 30 % in 2004-05. Oil imports really accounted for 72 % of entire oil ingestion in 04-05. Almost three quarters of this proceeded from 5 states merely, all located in parts considered reasonably unstable ( Expert Committee, 2005 ) . Coal and gas imports are besides likely to increase over clip, as domestic coal production is unable to provide demand and coal supplies are likely to run out in 40 old ages. The state ‘s demands of fossil fuels are expected to achieve 337 to 462 Mt of oil, 99 to 184 Mtoe of gas and 602 to 954 Mtoe of coal ( Integrated Energy Policy 2006 ) . The International Energy Association undertakings that planetary dodo fuel supplies will increase by merely 1.7 % , intending India ‘s portion in 2030 would run from 5.8 % to 8 % for oil, 2.4 % to 4.5 % for natural gas, and 16.7 % to 26.5 % for coal ( see Figure 1 ) . Figure 3. Projections for India originate from the Planning Commission presuming a GDP growing rate of 8 % , and the universe projections are 2030 Numberss from IEA [ REFERENCE ] Additional to the big energy demand that India has, the state faces other political, market and proficient hazards that could endanger its way towards a successful energy security plan. First, wars, work stoppages or political turbulences in the exportation states could drastically cut down oil supplies for India. Second, sudden additions in oil monetary values may do rising prices, slow economic system and impose adversity on the Indian population. Last, proficient breaks or accidents could interrupt the supply of energy. The diverse challenges that India faces towards the securement of their energy demands, every bit good as the of import function that the state represents in the universe ‘s energy ingestion in the hereafter are some of the grounds that have encouraged us to set about the present work. The development of a thorough analysis to find the chief jobs in the current policy and proviso of energy in India, every bit good as a elaborate scheme to develop renewable energy beginnings to fulfill the future demand of energy for the state, are necessary to vouch the uninterrupted public assistance of the state ‘s growing and life quality of its dwellers.Chapter II: State Review2.1. General MentalityThe Republic of India is a located in South Asia, bounded by the Indian Ocean on the South, the Arabian Sea on the West, and the Bay of Bengal on the E ; and it is bordered by Pakistan to the West. It is the seventh-largest state by geographical country, the second-most thickly settled state with over 1.18 billion people, and the most thickly settled democracy in the universe. In footings of geographics, India has a coastline of 7,517 kilometers and is place to the Himalayas, the planet ‘s highest mountains, which now abut India in the North and the north-east. Major Himalayan-origin rivers that well flow through India include the Ganges and the Brahmaputra, both of which drain into the Bay of Bengal. India ‘s clime is strongly influenced by the Himalayas and the Thar Desert, both of which drive the monsoons. The Himalayas prevent cold Central Asian Katabatic air current from blowing in, maintaining the majority of the Indian subcontinent warmer than most locations at similar latitudes. The Thar Desert plays a important function in pulling the moisture-laden. The Indian economic system is the universe ‘s 11th largest economic system by nominal GDP and the 4th largest by buying power para. Since the debut of market-based economic reforms in 1991, India has become one of the fastest turning major economic systems in the universe ; nevertheless, the state continues to confront several poorness, illiteracy, corruptness and public wellness related challenges. India is classified as a freshly industrialised state and is one of the four BRIC nations. It is a atomic arms province and has the third-largest standing armed force in the universe, while its military outgo ranks tenth in the universe. India is a regional power in South Asia. India is federation with a parliamentary signifier of authorities, governed under the Constitution of India. It is a constitutional democracy and representative democracy, â€Å" in which bulk regulation is tempered by minority rights protected by jurisprudence. † It has operated under a multi-party system for most of its history. For most of the old ages since independency, the federal authorities has been led by the Indian National Congress ( INC ) . Politicss in the provinces have been dominated by national parties like the INC, the Bharatiya Janata Party ( BJP ) and assorted regional parties. From 1950 to 1990, excluding two brief periods, the INC enjoyed a parliamentary bulk.2.2. Demographics2.2.1. PopulationCurrent population, vs universe Expected Population, vs universe Growth rate Graph2.2.1. Population Densityrural V urban map of population denseness and expected2.3. EconomyThe economic system of India is the 11HYPERLINK â€Å" hypertext transfer protocol: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_ ( nominal ) † thHYPERLINK â€Å" hypertext transfer protocol: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_ ( nominal ) † largest economic system in the universe by nominal GDP ( Gross Domestic Product ) with 3,75 trillion $ . This fact can be misdirecting in footings of dwellers ‘ wealth since the GDP per capita ( PPP ) is merely 3,100 $ ; ranking in the 163th place out of 227 states. However, India is an emerging economic power with a really big sum of homo and natural resources. The hereafter of the state ‘s economic system is predicted more than auspicious. Economists expect that India ‘s economic system will be among the taking 1s, while harmonizing to the BRIC study ( published by Goldman Sachs ) , India will be the 2nd largest economic system behind China by 2043 [ hypertext transfer protocol: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_India ] . Harmonizing to these anticipations, the one-year income per capital will follow a clear upward tendency for the undermentioned old ages, as depicted below:RankStateGDP – per capita ( PPP )161 Montserrat 3,400 162 Philippines 3,300163India3,100164 Mongolia 3,100 165 Vietnam 2,900 Beginning: The World FactbookYearAnnual income per capita ( ? )2006 329 2007 416 2008 468 2009 539 2010 627 2015 1,052 2020 1,132 2030 1,161 Beginning: ( inquire Julien ) Today India is a state with a developing unfastened market economic system ; nevertheless the marks of its past stiff policies still exist. This development began in the early 1990s when controls on foreign trade and investing became more flexible and helped the state speed up its growing. Since 1997 there has been a 7 % one-year growing owing economic liberalisation. As mentioned above, India ‘s economic system includes village agriculture every bit good as modern farming along with handcrafts, many modern industries and a big figure of services. Even though more than half of the work force is occupied with agribusiness, services are the major beginning of its economic growing, which is merely 1/3 of its labour, force but is accountable for more than half of India ‘s end product. India has become a major exporter of information engineering services and package due to its educated English talking population. In 2009 its one-year GDP fell to 6.5 % because of an industrial lag in 2008, which was followed by the planetary fiscal crisis. Nevertheless, India still retained the 2nd highest growing in the universe among the major economic systems. The planetary fiscal crisis did non hold a terrible impact on India ‘s growing because of the cautious banking policies and its low dependance on exports. In 2008 due to funding plan for fuel and fertilisers along with a debt release plan for husbandmans and a occupation warrant plan for rural workers India ‘s financial shortage increased well. India has still to run into some long-run challenges which include its extended poorness, the limited employment chances and its deficiency of basic and higher instruction. India ‘s turning population over the old ages will decline the societal economic and environmental jobs it faces.2.4. Energy2.4.1. Current and Future DemandIn the recent old ages, India ‘s energy ingestion has been increasing at one of the fastest rates in the universe due to population growing and economic development. Primary commercial energy demand grew at the rate of six per cent between 1981 and 2001 ( Planing Commission 2002 ) . India ranks fifth in the universe in footings of primary energy ingestion [ J1 ] , accounting for approximately 3.5 % of the universe commercial energy demand in the twelvemonth 2003. In malice of the low per capita energy ingestion degrees, and the fact that a big subdivision of population does non even hold entree to energy signifiers of equal quality and measure, India ‘s entire primary energy supply has increased from around 150 mtoe in 1970 to 438 mtoe in 2001/02. Furthermore, the portion of non-commercial energy has decreased from 59 % in 1970 to 32 % in 2001, with families switching to the cleansing agent and efficient commercial energy. Assorted estimations indicate that India would necessitate to increase its primary energy supply by at least 3 to 4 times and its electricity coevals capac-ity by 5 to 6 times of the 2003/04 degrees, by the twelvemonth 2031. The analysis based on the MARKAL theoretical account, indicates that under a 8 % GDP growing sce-nario with current programs and policies of the Government, commercial energy demands would in-crease to 2108 mtoe by 2031/32. [ J3 ] Beginning: [ J3 ] By 2031, TERI ( The Energy and Resources Institute ) estimates indicate a dependence of 78 % for coal ( over a billion metric tons ) , 93 % for oil ( ~ 700 million metric tons ) and 67 % for gas ( ~ 93 BCM ) with current estimations of future handiness of autochthonal energy.2.4.2. Use by SectorOn the demand side, the industrial sector continues to stay the largest consumer, accounting for more than 40 % of the entire commercial energy, followed by the conveyance sector. [ J3 ] Beginning: [ J3 ]2.4.3. Consumption by Type of SourceThe primary mix of India ‘s energy ingestion is about 56 % coal, 33 % oil, 8 % natural gas, with atomic and hydropower combined taking a 3 % portion. Beginning: Teri 2000-2001 Coal: Coal production increased by 2.6 % in 2001 from the old twelvemonth, making 161 million toe, or 343 million metric tons. While India exports a little sum of coal to nearby states, it has evolved into a important importer of coal as economic growing and domestic supply constriction have stimulated Indian demand for imported coal. India imported 18 million metric tons in 1999, largely coking coal, or 6 % of its coal demands. Oil: Oil production has been reasonably stable since 1995. Production in 2001 was 36 million metric tons, or 782,000 barrels per twenty-four hours. India imports about 1.3 million barrels of rough oil per twenty-four hours, or about two tierces of its petroleum oil demands. Natural Gas: Natural gas represents a turning constituent of the primary energy mix. In 2001, gas production reached 26 bcmor 23 million toe. Hydro and Nuclear: Hydropower and atomic have been lending with a minority portion of the energy mix ( up to 4 % ) . Energy Conversion: The crude oil merchandise supply has seen a encouragement since 1999 with new refinery capacity ( 10 million metric tons by terminal of 2002 ) added to the system. Sum installed power coevals capacity is 100GW, 71 % of which is generated by coal, 25 % from hydro, 3 % from atomic and 1 % from air current. ? ? ? ? ? ? ?2.4.4. EfficiencyHarmonizing to World Resources Institute ( WRI ) , India ‘s electricity grid has the highest transmittal and distribution losingss in the universe – a humongous 27 % . Numbers published by assorted Indian authorities bureaus put that figure at 30 % , 40 % and greater than 40 % . This is attributed to proficient losingss ( grid ‘s inefficiencies ) and larceny. It has been estimated that around 25,000 megawatts ( MW ) of capacity can be created through energy efficiency in the electricity sector entirely, with the maximal possible being seen in the agribusiness and industrial sectors. Therefore it is of import to look into the assorted facets that involve these inefficiencies and larcenies and follow steps to forestall them.2.4.5. Resources2.4.5.2. Non-RenewableBing a state with extremely increasing energy demands, India is presently based on conventional resources such as coal, oil and natural for power production. Coal is the primary non-renewable resource of energy in India. The state has some of the largest militias of coal in the universe ( about 209 billion tones of the known geological militias in 1999 ) [ Yiannis 6 ] . The major coal militias are located in West Bengal, Orissa, Orissa, Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra and Bihar, as it is depicted in the map: Beginning: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.mapsofindia.com In footings of oil resources India is hapless and imports oil to run into its energy demands. â€Å" Oil and Gas † diary provinces that, the state had about 5.6 billion barrels of proved oil militias on January 2010 [ Yiannis 5 ] . This is the 2nd largest sum in the Asia part behind China. Harmonizing to the same diary India had about 38 trillion three-dimensional pess ( Tcf ) of proved natural gas militias at the same clip. The most of India ‘s natural gas production comes from the western offshore parts. The onshore Fieldss in Assam, Andhra Pradesh, and Gujarat provinces are besides major beginnings of gas production.2.4.5.2. RenewableThe term â€Å" Renewable resources † refers to those resources that get replaced by natural procedures at a rate comparable or faster than its rate of ingestion by human [ Wikipedia ] . India ‘s geographic location in the universe represents a great advantage for the development of different renewable energy beginnings. For case, energy engineerings like biomass, water-hydro, air current and solar nowadays the greatest potency. In footings of solar the state has the best resources worldwide since it is the cheery state of the universe [ 1 ] , with 260-300 clear cheery yearss per twelvemonth. It has besides one-year mean temperature runing from 25 to 27.5 A °C [ 1 ] . As shown in the map, the warmest topographic points of India are located in the south-east seashore ensuing in a strong solar potency. Beginning: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.mapsofindia.com The mean strength of solar radiation received on India is 200 MW/km2 [ 2 ] . Taking under consideration the land country of the state is 3,287,000A km2 from which merely the 410,907 km2 can theoretically be used for solar energy installings [ 2 ] , this leads to a sum of 8,218,140 MW. This sum of power can be used for assorted applications, from solar thermic power workss down to domestic coevals such as solar H2O warmer. Equally far as wind power is concerned India is the 5th largest manufacturer in the universe with entire power of 11,806 MW [ 3 ] . The air current power development started on 1990 and till today it follows a singular growing. In footings of air current resources and weave possible, India has strong monsoons. In summer clip cool, humid south-west air moves from the ocean towards the land, whereas in winter cool, dry air with north-east way moves the other manner around. The air current power denseness map of India given below, presents the topographic points with the strongest air current potency in the state. Beginning: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.cwet.tn.nic.in/html/departments_wpdmap.html # The provinces of Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Gujarat and Rajasthan have amongst others really strong air current potency and the lasting installing in air current farms are shown in the tabular array [ 4 ] :StateGross Potential ( MW )Entire Capacity ( MW )Andhra Pradesh8,968 136Gujarat10,645 1,864Karnataka11,531 1,473Kerala1,171 28Madhya Pradesh1,019 229Maharashtra4,584 2,078Orissa255–Rajasthan4,858 1,088Tamil Nadu5,530 4,907Others4Entire48,56111,807Beginning: Indian Wind Energy Association ( As of March 2010 ) . Hydropower is another signifier of non-conventional energy in which India has plentifulness available resources and therefore has developed to a great extent. Hydropower is chiefly exploited through dikes, reservoirs and hydroelectric power workss, which take advantage of the river and rainfall Waterss. As it is depicted in the one-year rainfall map below, the north-eastern portion of India which includes the parts Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Nagaland, Manipur and Mizoram, and besides on the West seashore between Mumbai and Mahe are those which receive the dominant sum of rain annually. Some of the primary hydroelectric power workss utilized by India are Bihar, Punjab, Uttaranchal, Karnataka, Uttar Pradesh, Sikkim and Gujarat. Sing the sum of rainfall annually in the cardinal and South of Bangalore it is apparent that the rainfalls occur from May to November. Beginning: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.mapsofindia.com During these showery seasons hydro energy could be utilized. Amongst others, Small hydro ( 2 MW-30 MW ) is the most usual renewable energy beginning for energy production. In India hydro is classified into 4 other classs ( apart from Small ) , Pico ( 1 kW-10 kilowatt ) , Micro ( 10 kW-100 kilowatt ) , Mini ( 100 KW-2 MW ) . Last but non least biomass has ever been an indispensable renewable beginning in India. Bing an agricultural state, it has immense measure of biomass. Almost 32 % of the primary energy usage is produced by treating stuffs from agricultural, industrial and forest operations [ 2 ] . More specifically mush, wood, paper and manure in farm animal residues along with sugar cane bagasse are amongst others the most popular and available resources for bring forthing energy in India. The state has a potency of 19,500 MW but merely 554 MW are presently installed whereas another 536 MW are under building [ 1 ] .Renewable beginningPresently installed ( MW )Potential ( MW )Biomass 222 16,000 Bagasse by sugar 332 3,500Entire55419,500Beginning: Global Energy Network Institute ( GENI Sustainable ) To give an overview of the presently installed power from renewable beginnings and their possible harmonizing to the resources of the state, are depicted in the undermentioned tabular array:Renewable BeginningPresently Installed ( MW )Potential ( MW )Wind Power 10,242.50 45,195 Bio-power 703.30 16,881 Bagasse co-generation 1,048.73 5,000 Small hydropower 2,429.67 15,000 Energy from waste 92.97 2,700 Solar PV power 2.12 Biomass / cogenerations 170.78 Biomass gasifier 105.46Entire4,795.53Beginning: Ministry of New and Renewable Energy ( MNRE ) , March 2009 Even though India has a great sum of resources to develop renewable energy towards the possible capacity, there are besides some restrictions that constrain this potency. Some of these include proficient restrictions, thecountry ‘s economic system, the fiscal state of affairs of the dwellers and the societal accept of the proposed option beginnings for bring forthing power are some of import barriers. Particularly the fact that India has a great sum of people populating under poorness is a hinder even to the domestic development of renewable engineerings such as little PV systems applied to single houses.2.4.6. PolicyGiven the black current energy scenario and the future chances, the Government of India has put in topographic point several steps that it hopes would take to an moderation of the deficits in the state and a more even distribution of entree to energy. Some cardinal enterprises along these lines are listed below: Structural and Regulative Reforms: The oil and gas sector was one of the first sectors in which the Government tried to present a much higher degree of liberty by leting the populace sector enterprises to work as corporate entities with their ain Boardss of Directors that would pull off the companies at an arm ‘s length distance from the Government. Private Sector participa-tion in refineries was besides introduced as a consequence of which the private sector organic structure has a portion of about 30 % in India ‘s refinement capacities today. Energy Conservation Act in 2001 and the Electricity Act in 2003: In the instance of power sector, reforms were introduced in the early 1990 ‘s and, through a procedure of acquisition, India has eventually reached a phase where it has enacted the Energy Conservation Act in 2001 and the Electricity Act in 2003. The Energy Conservation Act requires the constitution of a Bureau of Energy Efficiency as a deemed statutory independent organic structure that would work towards promoting energy efficiency in the state. The Electricity Act 2003 requires the functional unbundling of former vertically incorporate province electricity boards and puts in lace regula-tory committees both at the federal and province degree. Enhanced Private Sector Participation: Private sector involvement in the oil and gas sector has built up and much more significantly than in the instance of electricity sector because it got an early start and because deformations in the instance of these sec-tors were non terrible as in the instance of electricity. Private Sector Participation in Electricity Sector: Despite several attempts towards promoting private sector engagement in electricity coevals and distribution the response from the private sector has been grossly unequal. This has mostly been because of the inability of the distribution concern to bring forth equal grosss to supply an equal return or so comfort that the services would be paid for. Once once more, larning from the past experiences and the demand to rapidly add important capacities, the Government of India launched the Ultra Mega Power Project ( UMPP ) strategy that identified seven sites for puting up large-scale power workss with each site holding a capacity of 4000 MW. Under a strategy launched by the Government called the Rajiv Gandhi Gramin Vidyutikaran Yojana ( RGGVY ) , the Government is easing the extension of electricity substructure to rural countries through a high capi-tal subsidy but linked to the constitution of franchise distribution agreement at the local degree. [ 4 ]

Literary Analysis: Hotel on the Corner of Bitter and Sweet as a Historical Fiction Essay

In Jamie Ford’s historical fiction Hotel on the Corner of Bitter and Sweet, this split narrative focuses on two eras: 1942 and 1986. Within these era’s, Ford’s novel focuses on a Chinese boy, Henry Lee, and what it was like to grow up in the international district with prejudice everywhere, especially in his own family being a first generation American. His novel tells the story of Henry, as well as a Japanese girl by the name of Keiko. The novel tells the story of these two young friends and the hardships faced when the government sends Keiko and her family away to the Japanese internment camps in the Northwest in the 1940’s. His novel displays the effects of the prejudice held against the Japanese during the 1940’s wartime, and the effects it had on the lives of not only those Japanese, but also all Americans, Chinese and other nationalities. We use Anne Scott MacLeod’s essay â€Å"Rewriting History† as a framework while reading Ford’s Hotel on the Corner of Bitter and Sweet. â€Å"Rewriting History† is a persuasive essay giving criteria of a â€Å"good† Historical Fiction vs. â€Å"bad† Historical Fiction. This essay focuses on three of MacLeod’s criteria for a â€Å"good† Historical Fiction: not rewarding rebellion, not appealing to â€Å"modern sensibilities†, and not overcoming social mores easily. Ford’s novel Hotel on the Corner of Biter and Sweet successfully meets MacLeod’s requirements for a â€Å"good† historical fiction in many ways, although, there are some flaws in a couple of his historical facts, nevertheless, the â€Å"good† historical facts and information in Hotel on the Corner of Bitter and Sweet out ways the few historical flaws. First of all, Ford makes sure to give Henry consequences to his rebellious acts; something MacLeod says many â€Å"bad† historical fictions do not do, they only reward with happy endings. Secondly, Ford uses racial discriminations that would have been used back in the 1940’s; another thing MacLeod says that â€Å"bad† historical fiction accommodates to, making it non-offensive and politically correct for the readers. In addition, Henry does not easily overcome the social mores of 1942; again something MacLeod says that â€Å"bad† historical fiction makes it seem easy to overcome the social mores of the era. First of all, meeting MacLeod’s criteria for a â€Å"good† historical fiction†, Ford’s novel does not â€Å"make overt rebellion seem nearly painless and nearly always successful†. Ford displays this when Keiko is taken away Henry keeps some of her belongings safe under his dresser, as well as when Henry sneaks into two different Japanese internment camps searching for Keiko. Though this rebellion seems rewarded at first, as we continue reading we see how, by going to the internment camps and keeping Keiko’s belongings, Henry unknowingly starts a chain of events leading to one, giant consequence. Because Henry keeps Keiko’s belonging, and later writes her letters, his mother finds out and tells Henry’s father. Henry comes home one day and finds his parents at the kitchen table waiting for him with all of Keiko’s pictures spread all over the table. Because of this, Henry’s father gives him a choice: walk out the door and no longer be part of the family or stay and forget about Keiko. In the end Henry chooses to follow his heart and leaves his family (182-185). This forever affects the relationship between Henry and his father, even on his father’s deathbed. Secondly, according to MacLeod’s standard, Ford’s novel is a â€Å"good† historical fiction by not appealing to â€Å"modern sensibilities, so that protagonists experience their own societies as though they were time-travelers, noting racism, sexism, religious bigotry, and outmoded beliefs as outsiders, not as people of and in their cultures. † Ford uses dialect in his novel consisting of racial slurs and comments that would have been used back in the 1940’s. Ford doesn’t accommodate to readers by making the book non-offensive or politically correct. Ford makes the book historically correct as possible. Thirdly, by MacLeod’s criteria, Ford’s novel is a â€Å"good† historical fiction by not â€Å"set[ing] aside the social mores of the past as though they were minor afflictions, small obstacles, easy—and painless—for an independent mind to overcome†. This is displayed near the beginning of the book after Chaz, the bully, snatches Henry’s â€Å"I am Chinese† pin off of his shirt. While walking away Keiko tries to grab Henry’s hand for comfort, but he pushes it away thinking, â€Å"My father would fall over dead†¦ And in town, someone would see us† (23). Ford made the transition of Henry opening up to Keiko take time; they didn’t become immediate friends. Ford makes sure to make the relationship between Keiko and Henry plausible. They both are ‘scholarshipping’ at an all-white school and met working in the school kitchen, as payment for scholarshipping. Their connection is somewhat immediate, yet their relationship progresses slowly. Fourthly, according to MacLeod’s standard, Ford’s novel is a â€Å"good† historical fiction by not omitting â€Å"the less attractive pieces of the past to make . . . arratives meet current social and political preferences†. The 1940’s for the Japanese-Americans were dark times; Hotel on the Corner of Bitter and Sweet does anything but omit these facts. From the harsh realities of the hatred between the Chinese and the Japanese displayed between Henry’s father, Henry, and Keiko, to the removal of the Japanese, Ford’s novel spares no â€Å"less attractive piece of the past† to make this novel appealing to the average human in this generation. Ford makes sure to put historical fact ahead of the appealing story’s fiction. Lastly, Ford’s novel is a â€Å"good† historical fiction, by MacLeod’s criteria, because It does not imply that â€Å"people of another time either understood or should have understood the world as we do now. † Though Henry and Keiko had an unusual relationship that most Chinese and Japanese children in the 1940’s wouldn’t have had, it isn’t entirely implausible. Think of it like this†¦ The world is always changing, so how does it change? Someone has to be the one to make those changes happen. We don’t have the same view of the Japanese, or any race for that matter, that we did in past generations. So again, what changed? Obviously Ford’s novel is under the category of ‘fiction’ and the actions of Henry didn’t have this amazing effect of the 1940’s that changed history forever†¦ However, someone’s actions, somewhere in the 1940’s, affected history. This fact makes the relationship between Henry and Keiko, as well as Ford’s novel as a whole, historically plausible. In conclusion Ford’s novel has an overwhelming amount of evidence backing up the hypothesis that his novel is a â€Å"good† work of historical fiction by MacLeod’s standard. Though the end of the novel rewards you with a cheesy, sappy love story ending, something slightly implausible, Ford does his best he can to keep the history in this ‘historical fiction’ factual and true. Over all this novel is a highly plausible, and by MacLeod’s criteria, a â€Å"good† work of Historical Fiction. Ford’s novel is also a reminder of the injustice against the Japanese-Americans during the wartime of the 1940’s and cautions us to never let ourselves as a people treat anyone we see as ‘different’ with the prejudice we so easily treated the Japanese with.