Blindness Essay -- essays research papers fc

The term sightlessness implies total orpartial loss of vision involving both eyes. The exactlevel of vision defined as blindness, however,varies in different countries because of differinglegal or social requirements. In the United States,blindness is defined as unimprovable vision of20/ two hundred (6/60) or worse. This room that an respective(prenominal) is generally considered blind who, evenwith the use of ordinary eyeglasses, can see nobetter at 20 ft (6 m) than a someone with prescriptvision can see at 200 ft (60 m). On the other hand,the World Health Organization (WHO) ProgramAdvisory conference on the Prevention of Blindnesslists the vision level suggested as blindness as avisual acuity of less than 10/200 (3/60), which isdouble as low as the U.S. definition. The WHOlevel of visual acuity is also described as theinability to count fingers in daylight at a maintain of10 ft (3 m), because in many regions a greatnumber of people cannot receive formal eyeexaminations but m ay be time-tested by unspecializedpersonnel. From data available in the mid-1980s,the number of persons worldwide who have avisual acuity of less than 10/200 is estimated as 28million. This level of handicap precludes anindividual from functioning effectively in thecommunity without special assistance andrehabilitation (see BLIND, EDUCATION OFTHE). Were the definition of blindness kindataken as 20/200, as is done in a number ofindustrialized countries besides the United States,t... Blindness Essay -- essays look for papers fc The term blindness implies total orpartial loss of vision involving both eyes. The exactlevel of vision defined as blindness, however,varies in different countries because of differinglegal or social requirements. In the United States,blindness is defined as unimprovable vision of20/200 (6/60) or worse. This means that anindividual is generally considered blind who, evenwith the use of ordinary eyeglasses, can see nobetter at 20 ft (6 m) tha n a person with normalvision can see at 200 ft (60 m). On the other hand,the World Health Organization (WHO) ProgramAdvisory Group on the Prevention of Blindnesslists the vision level suggested as blindness as avisual acuity of less than 10/200 (3/60), which istwice as low as the U.S. definition. The WHOlevel of visual acuity is also described as theinability to count fingers in daylight at a distance of10 ft (3 m), because in many regions a greatnumber of people cannot receive formal eyeexaminations but may be tested by unspecializedpersonnel. From data available in the mid-1980s,the number of persons worldwide who have avisual acuity of less than 10/200 is estimated as 28million. This level of handicap precludes anindividual from functioning effectively in thecommunity without special assistance andrehabilitation (see BLIND, EDUCATION OFTHE). Were the definition of blindness insteadtaken as 20/200, as is done in a number ofindustrialized countries besides the United States,t...

Use of Literary Techniques in Miltons Sonnet Essay -- Milton Sonnet

Use of Literary Techniques in Miltons Sonnet   At the establish of his breeding, Milton was struck with blindness. As a result of this tragedy, Milton created a sonnet somewhat his blindness. He questioned the meaning of this tragedy, of the future, and God for his blindness within the sonnet. Within Miltons sonnet about his blindness analogical language, personification, his intent and prosody are adopted to convey his questions and heart felt acceptance of his blindness. Milton uses figurative language to express his grievances and discontent. He reflects upon his life and "how my light is spent," or the time he had his sight. Milton then expresses the feeling of the "dark world and wide" of the blind as his introduction to his questions. He begins to question his piece that only death can take away ("...one talent which is death to hide.."), "lodged... useless" within him because of his new blindness. As a result, Milton begins to question God, "Doth God get day-labour, light denied?" Milton wonders as to the meaning of his blindness Does God want him to continue to write, even with his blindness, or what does God really mean? At first his footstep seems harsh, but his feelings are redirected as he answers his own questions in time. His last question to God, was answered by himself as he realizes that he can non blame God for his actions. His figurative language from the point he begins to question, up to where he begins to answer his own questions are full of implications of his thought. These implications must be picked out in order to nominate sense of the feeling and statement Milton is trying to make. ... ... He has accepted the fact that he is blind and has answered his own thoughts on God. Milton believes that he must make a choice to go on with his writing or "stand and wait," as he must bear the burden and continue or stop. In conclusion, Milton uses many an other(prenominal) literary techniques to express himself as he confronts his feelings with blindness within this sonnet. The uses of figurative language to introduce the dilemma and to personification for change to the solution of his problems are in effect used to contrast the mood. His prosody and intention with words creates an imaginative thought process and detail towards the sonnet. Overall, his techniques combine to convey the theme of acceptance and realization. Milton has inferred that whether or not he continues to write depends on himself and serving God.  

motivation Essay example -- essays research papers

Ones personality can be silent from the people they mingle with. With this said, I find myself most influenced and inspired by personalities similar to mine. Whether it is an innate biological factor or a result of my upbringing, I find myself to be an anthology of all the personalities within my immediate family. My familys personalities and leadership qualities are all similar and have been highly instrumental in my declare personality.One would ask, what type of personalities do your family possess? My mother, the most influential personality and leader in my life is a complete replica of what I desire to be, and with time, what I testament be. According to the Big Five Personality Dimensions, my mother is extremely outgoing, very goal oriented and responsible, exceptionally confident and stable, and very scatter to new ideas. However, when analyzing my mother under the agreeableness dimension, my mother is by no means aloof, she is indeed good-natured, but not to the point where I would deem her an super warm and considerate. In my eyes, these qualities are key to becoming a successful leader both in the corporate world and in life in general.According to the x and y theory, my mother is a strong believer in the x-theory. The x-theory states, the average human being has an inherent dislike of work and will avoid it if possible. It short, it goes on to explain that people must be directed...

Natural Landscape :: Poetry, Painting

The Industrial novelty raised concerns about the natural adorn when broad social and economic changes also generated change magnitude contamination across England. Around the same time, ideas of naturalism (from French Philosophical writings) swept across Europe. They persuaded people to go back to natures unsubdivided ways. En lightsomeenment theories of Reason disseminated ideas of nature as teacher and guide. However, landscape moving picture in England was unimportant at that time, compared to Portraiture or History Painting (Gardner 2009, pp 793). A passion for landscape art was advanced by the developments in road and rail infrastructure due to rapid industrialization. New thoughts on the Subjective associations of landscape painting with spirituality, Morals and Philosophy were inspired by Romantic poetry. 19th century Poetry epitomized sublime forces and mystical kinship with nature (Gardner 2009, pp 793). Landscape painting soon emerged, becoming a medium for a full r ange of conscious and subconscious emotions it entered the realm of sublime and symbolic expressionThe Industrial Revolution which began in the middle of the 17th century brought vast social and economic change to the demographic landscape of Great Britain. This phenomenon later spread to the U.S. and Europe, affecting alike(p) changes to (their) social and economic conditions (Wyatt 2009). The English landscape was the scene of rapid physical transformation. Spinning mills loomed where once there was an unspoiled country side. The swift elaborateness of steel and mining industries turned night into day. Days were turned into smog filled panoramas of gloom. An increase in wealth also brought with it physical problems caused by pollution and unhealthy working conditions.Figure 1 is a representation of an Industrial landscape at night. The strange glow of a coal furnace is contrasted against the natural light of the moon. The picture embraces an honest depiction of present condition s. Its dystopian context is symbolized by the contrast between a man-made industrial hell and natural landscape. The musical genre of landscape painting in England during the 18th century was not given as much importance as portrait painting or historic illustration. This hierarchy of genres (Langdon 2007) lost importance during the industrial revolution when people began to relate to the subjective impressions found in landscape painting.The subjective association of landscape with aroused meaning evolved when new sensitivity to the world of nature inspired poets and writers. The pure force of natures metaphor compounded with poetic and prosaic imagery. genius of Wordsworths first Romantic poems regrets the loss of mans spiritual union with nature.

Correlation of the Behavior of Female Waitresses at Sports Bars and the

When we go fall out to wash up or drink at a sports bar, we usually come up that a majority of the servers and bartenders are females. Why is this, one might ask. The most obvious reason is that they draw in more male customers to drink beer and eat food. If a male patron were to walk into a sports bar, he would stay longer and spend more money because he would tend to be checking out a server that he considered attractive. Servers usually know this so they tend to expose themselves more and dress accordingly to attract more guys and hopefully to puzzle larger tips. One bartender interviewed for this project, who works at Buffalo Wild Wings, would climb on ladders behind the bar, to draw attention to herself. She hoped that her actions would result in the customers heavy(p) her a larger tip than they would otherswise. Based upon the tips received, this strategy worked. Seeing this interested the writer to look into the topic of how servers use their physical appearanc e for a soften tip. With further research, this was proved true for almost every restaurant investigated. Waitresses go above and beyond from simply applying makeup to changing their hair color, and changing the style they would serve an average customer to fit their pick ups. The customers also play a role in the tip given, which can usually be determined by the gender, race, age, and connections to the waitress. If customers would tip based on the service provided, then the female waitresses wouldnt have to flirt or make the guest feel like that need to tip better.Background Review of LiteratureMany of the sources address the way the waitresses change their physical appearances and the outcomes. However, some also discuss the emotional side of the server or the pr... ...Works CitedGatta, M. (2009). Restaurants servers, tipping, and resistance. Qualitative Research in Accounting & Management, 6(1-2), 70-82.Guguen, N. (2012). Hair color and wages Waitresses with blond hair have more fun. The journal of Socio-Economics, 41(4), 370-372.Guguen, N. (2009). Menstrual cycle phases and female receptivity to a courtship solicitationAn evaluation in a nightclub. Evolution and human behavior, 30(5), 351-355. doi 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2009.03.004Jacob, C., Guguen, N., Boulbry, G., & Ardiccioni, R. (2009). Waitresses facial cosmetics and tipping A field experiment. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 29(1), 188-190. doi 10.1016/j.ijhm.2009.04.003McCall, M., & Lynn, A. (2009). Restaurant servers perceptions of customer tipping intentions. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 29(1), 188-190.

Toxoplasma Gondii Essay -- Disease/Disorders

Toxoplasma gondii are deadly parasites that infect millions of unknowing people around the humankind while causing anything from schizophrenia to abortions. An article in the Emerging Infectious Disease Journal relates that T. gondii is an intracellular parasite in the phylum Apicomplexa (Torrey and Yolken 1375). About ten guanine age ago humans started utilizing agriculture. The population density increased, creating opportunities for epidemic transmission of many kinds of parasites, including T. gondii. Currently, evidence suggests that the most prominent strain is the result of a bodge between two parent offspring, an event that took place during this time period however, according to many scientists exotic strains have existed for about one million years (Volkman and Hartl 353). At least fifteen distinct T. gondii strain types have been found throughout the world. The NE-II strain is more likely to be associated with premature birth and frightening disease manifestations. N E-II parasites are more common along the Gulf Coast and Pacific Coast than other areas of the country (McLeod). T. gondii reproduce both asexually and sexually (Volkman and Hartl 353). Asexual multiplication by cell division can occur in virtually any host cell as long as that cell is in a cat (Dubey). T. gondii is a wide spread parasite that can be deadly to some host while pass unnoticed by others. Toxoplasma gondii can have devastating effects on people with weak immune systems. If untreated, congenital toxoplasmosis can have heavy consequences for a childs quality of life (McLeod). It states in the Gale Encyclopedia of Childrens Health, Children and adults with weakened immune systems have a high risk of developing serious symptoms (Davidson). C... ....The Stanley Research Medical Institute. n.pag., 2008. Web. 25 Apr 2012. McLeod, R. Test Links Strains of Common Parasite to Severe Illness in US Newborns. Medical Xpress. National Institutes of Health, 2012. Web. 13 Apr 2012. . Torrey, E F., and Robert H. Yolkin. Toxoplasma Gondii and Schizophrenia. Emerging Infectious Disease Journal. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nov. 2003. Web. 16 Apr. 2012. . Volkman, Sarah K. and Daniel L Hartl, A Game of Cat and Mouth. Science 299.5605 (2003) 353. MasterFILE Premier. Web. 13 Apr. 2012 .

Last Samurai Review Essay

The cultivation samurai is a compelling degree of warfare, business, and honour. It opens up in 1876 San Francisco Tom Cruise plays the role of Nathan Algren, a former headmaster whose participation to the military campaigns against the native Indians has left him scared with nightmares and remorse leaving alcohol as his only remedy. After being fired from the Winchester rifle company, he is recruited by Omura (Masato Harada) adviser of a weak-willed emperor, along with his former commanding officer whom he utmostly despises, Colonel Bagley (Tony Goldwyn) to train a conscript army to suppress the Samurai rebellion, who seem to menace the modernization of Japan. He once again finds himself having to wipe yet other tribal rebels. Algren is then captured by the forces of the legendary Kasumoto (Ken Watanabe) when he comes to realise he seems to accommodate a spiritual affinity to them, soon adopting the Bushido code (The way of the warrior) and ends up fighting along side with t hem against his former troupes.As Algren spends his time in captivity, observing the people, watching them devote themselves to what they do, he starts to stop drinking and to shape up, and starts to be in harmony with himself after long years of self-loathing and remorse. He is flattually taught how to hold a sword like a true samurai, along with the Bushido code. Algren receives Yoda-like wisdom from Katsumoto may the strength of the samurai be with you always As time goes by, he starts to visualise the Japanese language and is no longer seen as an enemy, when Katsumoto returns Algrens personal belongings he says When I took these, you were my enemy Algren is later faced with the difficult quality of going back to America, or staying to fight along side Katsumoto and face an almost certain death which he ends up choosing. He then along side the samurai go off to a last final battle as savages with bows and arrows against the new western Japan with new riffles and notably the Howitzers. This vividly recalls the rebel techniques of BraveheartThe Director Edward Zwick overcomes the problem of the language barrier ingeniously by having Katsumoto be a student of English preventing the movie from always being subtitled. Zick manages in an useful way in bridging the gap between today and the 1870 with great success. Edward Zwick may be one of the most underrated filmmakers within Hollywood. The last samurai is amazing to look at, with astonishingly beautiful landscape and scenery. The battle sequences in particular are very effective well captured, the editor (Steven Rosenblum) does not employ too many cuts making it clear and therefore much stronger. Hans Zimmer (Music composer) does an excellent problem with the music enhancing the mood without it becoming too unbearable.If there was something to reproach to the last samurai it would be that the story is not of the most orginal, resembling strongly to Edward Zwicks fromer movie Glory, and Mel Gibsons Br aveheart, but The last samurai is never the less a rousing tale that combines adventure with emotional speciality and differentiates itself from other movies with the astonishing good acting of both Tom Cruise and Ken Watanabe.Tom cruise has never shown such emotional depth, he is so fercociously present as a character. Every emotion, even every thought bottomland be read across his face. He truly gives life to Algren, he truly looks genuinely stricken by his past, haunted even. Although Tom Cruise is The Last Samurai undeniable star and main character, Ken Watanabes performance is even more memorable, persuasive, and above all breathtaking. Watanabe channels Mifune so forcefully thats its hard, even impossible seeing anyone else then him to do a better job as Katsumoto.He brings out everything we could expect from a great leader strength, courage, patience, the ability to dominate a fight, and most importantly, honour. Watanabes work dominates and outstands Cruises. The beautiful , beautiful and discreet Taka (played by Koyoki) plays the husband of one if the man Cruise kills and eventually have the love of Cruise and vice versa. The strong Ujio (Hiroyuki Sanada) is a fierce warrior who objects to Katsumotos will of keeping Algren alive. Simon Graham (Timothy Spall) is a British photojournalist who speaks somewhat Japanese. Finally Colonel Bagley ( Tony Goldwyn) who also fits his role like a T.The last samurai is a movie you can watch from two important aspects the story, or People can choose to look at The last Samurai from two different aspectsYou can watch the last samurai in two different ways. Either you can choose to ignore the messages or the storys true meaning, concentrating only on the small imperfections, or you can choose to watch the movies story depth, admire the gorgeous landscape and scenery, the breathtaking characters, thrilling battles, and the beautiful moral values through and through the sacrifice of Samurais for what seems to have bec ome a forgotten word Honour. The last Samurai reminds us all of what true honour devotion and duty truly are through a truly inspiring movie.

Orthodox Sacrament of Marriage Exchange of the rings Essay

There ar different cultural rituals which atomic number 18 performed by people of different cultures. A cultural ritual refers to an accompaniment or activities that are valued within a certain group of people or society and which they relate with in a way that is singular from other communities. The cultural ritual that I was able to observe and take some notes was a nuptials ritual under the Orthodox Church. The wedding watching is known as the Orthodox Sacrament of Marriage, and is primarily made up of two major parts. The part that got me fascinated was at the point where the couples are required to replace the sound. The ritual, which took place just at the point of entry into the church, is considered to be special. It is taken to be the point at which the couples leave the world and theodolite into another world as they get into the church.The events that take place in this ritual include prayers for the couples by the priest as a way of conjure the union of the co uple. It was observed that there artifacts which are needed and involved in the ritual. These include the rings which the couples put on their right face. During one of the wedding ceremonies, it was state that after the rings have been obtained, the next step that is taken after the couples have been blessed by the priest is the placement of the rings. The rings are not just placed on any finger or progress to. The right hand is utilize to place the -295275-47625000rings. From what the believers say as it emerged is that, under the Orthodox wedding, the hand where the rings are place is the one that is believed to be used in making of promises and oaths, that is, right hand of the bride and that of the prune. It later also emerged that the right hand is used because it is the one which is used to recognize the presence of theology Almighty. Quite interesting, or may be because it is believed such as in Christianity, the right hand is the hand of blessings.During the wedding, it was observed that when the couples were progressing with the wedding, it is that the right hand was the one used to make the sign of the cross. A cross from my view is a symbolism of some sort of intuitive feeling in a sect or religion. According to the faithful following of this church, the sign of the cross is made as a way of recognizing that there was God in that ceremony. It is to be note that after placing a ring on the finger of the groom, a ring is then placed on the finger of the bride. From the wedding ritual, the artifacts, in this case the rings are of great significance and are greatly treasured. Without the rings, there cannot be a wedding and the priest is not allowed to give permission uniting the couples.The participants, that is, the bride and the groom are expected to know what placing the rings on their right hand means to them. Rings are a symbol of unity between the marrying parties as well as the families of the bride and the groom. The bride and the gro om are required to know that they are leaving the outside world by rest at the entry to the church, and they are entering a new world, that of Christianity. The exchange of the rings by the couple illustrates their commitment not only to remain the principles of the church but also to continue with the faith and belief of the church. The couples are united to severally other as well as the church since the wedding takes place inside and outside the church, whereby the move from the outside to the inside of the church, symbolizing transformation of lives.The exchange of the rings however, only takes place after all the parties are asked questions on their commitment to the marriage and they make a promise. The bride first makes the promise after which the groom makes the promise. At this point, the priest is seen to be very keen on what the bride and groom say, may be for future reference in case the couple run in to marriage problems or issues that may require the preventive of the priest.Furthermore, the bride and the groom are expected to be aware that the placing of the rings on their right fingers signifies their agreement, betrothal, stewardship and authority towards each other. It is the belief of the participants that the rings re leave their agreement, service to each other, commitment as well as authority in their marriage. The use of the rings in the ceremony means that the couples will always strive to body forth and be there for each other and that each of the two will gain from their union in marriage.The bride and the groom are expected to realize that when they exchange the rings, they have total commitment to each other and are bound to share as well as have an exchange of their spiritual belongs and their personal belongs till death separates the two. The love that they pledge to one another is expected to be eternal with full devotion and service to each other. Therefore, it is important that the groom and the bride understands what it mean by having the rings placed on their right hands during this ritual conducted at the entrance of the church with the help of a priest.The Orthodox followers shun marriages without weddings and one is shown great respect when they marry or get married through a church wedding. The family members are expected to be present during this time when the couples exchange the rings and the absence of one or both parents is considered as a curse. It is believed that failure of the parents to attend, if they are alive, means that the wedding is not blessed. The ritual of exchanging the rings at the entrance of the church is significant in the lives of the couple hence not taken lightly. The value that is placed on the exchange of the rings is noticeable even on the reaction that the bride and the groom display after the exchange of the rings. Joy and happiness is expressed through songs by the crowd that has accompanied the wedding as they exchange the rings. Generally, the wedding ritual of exchanging rings in the Orthodox Church is currently practiced even in other churches to refer unity of the couples.ReferencesFather Constantine Varipatis Marriage and the Freedom of the Human Person (1995) viewed from http//www.saintstylianos.org.au/orthodoxy/marriage.html on 23rd November 2014Our Wedding Ceremony viewed from http//web.mit.edu/manoli/www/wedding/ceremony.html on 23rd November 2014 fountain document

The Mexican Drug War and Its Consequences

The Mexican Drug War and Its Consequences Despite President Felipe Calderons good intentions and determination to eliminate the drug cartels in Mexico, the Mexican goerning body has not been able to sack the drug cartels operations (smuggling drugs, people and weapons to and from the USA) for many reasons. The drug cartels have proven to be powerful, well connected politically, well trained, well- armed, and manipulation of the masses. in that respectfore, it has been impossible for the Mexican government to stop cartels like La Familia from operating, and now the cartels have become a worry for the Unites States too.The Mexican cartels have proven to be unstoppable for the Mexican government. President of Mexico Felipe Calderons decision to send fifty thousand soldiers and twenty thousand federal official police has not been enough to stop the cartels indiscriminate killings. According to the University of San Diego Trans-Border Institute of Analysis and Data, since January of 2 007, 28,228 people have died in drug-related violence in Mexico (Sandiego. edu). Going muscle to muscle with the cartels has proven to be the wrong decision. Sending all those troops and federal police has only served to increases the death toll.Cartels like La Familia are well armed and trained. According to intelligence, members of La Familia must complete three to six month training camp in Michoacan, conducted by ex-members of the Colombian or Mexican Special Forces. La Familia uses equipment, weapons, and uniforms similar to those of the Federal Investigations Agency, therefore operating without being detected in cities and on highways (La Familia Michoacana item sheet, DEA). It is a fact that La Familia is well armed with weapons that come from the joined States.La Familia has the connections and the money to buy these weapons Calderon continues to send more troops to combat the cartel, but this military effort exit not work. La Familia cannot be stopped since they know how to manipulate the masses, by threats and targeting opposing citizens, and this makes the situation as yet worse for the Mexican government as they turn out to obtain help from citizens to capture the leaders. La familia has won the loyalty of many people through political and Christian beliefs, but mostly through intimidation.In the bind Silver or Lead, we can see how a regional official named Veronica Medina has selective hearing in favor of La Familia. Medina is clearly in favor of La Familia even though she works for the Mexican government. It could be quite possible that Medina is on La Familias payroll. La Familia is known to attract favors by offering monetary rewards. La Familia also intimidates people with violence they take over a town and tell the mayor, We want to work here. There will be no trouble, no crime, no drunkenness, nothing. Then, they enforce their rules.Mayors are usually paid for their hospitality. It is silver or Lead (Finnegan 48). How can regional of ficials fall off? Since they are substantially underpaid and their lives are threatened, they are almost forced if they dont they face almost certain death at the hands of the cartel. As long as the Mexican government continues with this plan of combatting cartel, it will never see the end of the cartel. Mexico is a traditional Catholic country most of the Catholics practicing in North America live in Mexico. La Familia uses this religious fervor to gain the sympathy of the peoples town.La Familia knows they will gain sympathy and bare-assed people who want to work for them if their organization somehow shows they are Christian believers. La Familia wants people to think that they only kill those who have committed a crime. According to William Finnegan La Familia doesnt kill for money, it doesnt kill women, it doesnt kill innocent peopleonly those who deserve to die. bothone should know this is divine nicety (Finnegan 40). These words were actually written on a sign left by La Familia at one of their assassination sites. Their propaganda implies the need for divine justice.They are trying every way possible to make people believe they are doing Gods work. The Mexican church has not said anything active it, and there are people who are led to believe that perhaps some of the violent works of the La Familia are necessary and maybe even justified. La Familias smuggling business has a big negative effect on America society and economy. Since La Familia is willing to pay the steep amounts of money for necessary costly weapons, it entices Americans into breaking the law by getting involved in the illegally sales of arms.In February 2007, drug cartels gunmen attacked two offices of the Guerrero state attorney generals office in the resort town of Acapulco, killing four officers and three secretaries. One of the rifles used in the attack was traced back to the United States (guns without borders). Federal agents say about 90 percent of the 12000 pistols and ri fles that the Mexican authorities recovered from drug dealers in the United States are mostly from Texas and Arizona (McKinley 1). Every gun smuggler captured is sent to prison, and the government has to house him and fed him, costing taxpayers thousands of dollars a year.Drug addiction costs the U. S. billions in health care. According to the 2008 National batch of Drug Use and Health, approximately three million Americans 12 or older initiated the use of an illicit drug. That is nearly 8000 people per day (2008 national watch over of drug and health). More than half of all people arrested in the United States test positive for illegal drugs. Drug use is closely connected to robbery and property crime. Substances abused led directly to the death of 38000 Americans (Executive Office of the President of the United States).The drug cartels are clearly affecting America Society and their economy. The U. S. government needs to work harder to implement regulations on its side of the b order. The Mexican government has tried almost everything, but it has not been successful. If the Mexican Government continues with the same coming to the drug cartel problems ultimately the drug cartels will overturn the government. Mexico is a civilized nation, and will not likely go to civil war over the drug cartels still nobody has tried to take the drastic measures needed. La Familia is more brutal. La Familia is more motivated to keep their power than the government is to stop them consequently they are impossible to stop.Works Cited Executive Office of the President of the United States. Web. 7. Nov. 2010 Guns Without Borders The New York Times. Web. 6. Nov. 2010 James Mckinley, U. S. Stymied as Guns Flow to Mexican Cartels, The New York Times, April 15, 2009 La Familia Michoacana particular Sheet, DEA. Web. 5. Nov. 2010 Sandiego. edu. Web. 6. Nov. 2010 William Finnegan, Silver or Lead, The New Yorker, May 31, 2010, 40, 48 2008 National Survey of Drug Use and Health. Web. 6. Nov. 2010

Samsung Yemen Lcd Tv & Its Accessories

SAMPLE MARKETING PLAN FOR SAMSUNG 3D TV Inspire the world, create the future. 1. 0 Executive Summary Samsung Electronics has proven to the business world that they atomic number 18 one of the most prestigious engineering companies in the industry. With more technology advancements than our tradeplace tummy handle at this point and time, Samsung has paved the way for the future in electronics. iodine of the most popular new toys in the market today, is the unbelievable 3D TV. The early 3D TV was launched in March of 2010, and has already had a major impact on the market.Samsung dominated the market, controlling n archaean90% of the total share. Samsungs ingathering, the 9000 serial TV, isincomparable to competition with its ultra-thin screen, measuring only 0. 3 inches in width. The 9000 series too issues with a full color spectrum that makes for anincredible viewing experience. 2. 0 authority Analysis Samsungs current strategy in the 3D television market is to seize a domi nant market share while the market is being pioneered and to maintain the majority market share throughout the stages of the 3D television life cycle.With the recent release of 3DTVs into the market in early 2010, the proceeds is still considered to be in the introduction stage of the ware life cycle. While Samsung introduced itsnew slogan, Inspire the world, Create the Future, the companys strongest emphasis in the last both years has been on convergence andintegration. Samsung has re-organized theircorporation to encourage cross-pollination and innovation. This is demonstrated by the progressive approach to the market that Samsung has taken, acknowledging the lack of immediate growth in the market, and innovating to defecate for the potential growth in the market.Targeted Segment With the takement of 3D TV technology, Samsungs target market is substanti bothy identified as the EarlyAdapter. An early adapter is aconsumer who has a very quick rate of diffusion, the rate at whi ch the market accepts a new product or product idea. One Strategy Analytics Survey identified Cube Tubers as the most likely consumers ofproducts available in the 3DTV market. Cube Tubers, are twice as likely to express interest in receiving 3D TVprogramming at home. These consumers represent arather small eight-ten percent of the overallpopulation.They are most likelyyoung, mid-twenties to late thirties Caucasian males,educated and married. They seem to be themost likely faecal matterdidates to show interest in get the newest generation of the television market. Along with the Cube Tubers, the commodiouser target market tends to be families with young children. The target audience for 3D TVs will mostly be represent in or nearbigger cities. These locations must beconsidered the prime market areas due to the likelihood of the availability of 3D content in urban areas rather than away from cities in the more technologicallyconstrained rural areas. Competitive Analysis . Sony coope ration 2. Mitsubishi Inc. 3 . Panasonic Inc. 4 . LG Electronics Inc. 5 Vizio Inc. 1 Sony Corporation Sony is a Japanese company that uses web advertising as a dominant feature. They offer different videos and PDF documents on their websites to help customers down the stairsstand their business. When typing into Google,Sony does not come upfirst, however, Best Buy was one ofthe leaders, who sellSony TVs. Sony finds itself in the top five of the market share of the previous trends of the television market, usually in the top three until recently being bumped down to fifth recently in the FPTV market. Mitsubishi Inc. Mitsubishi Inc. is also a Japanese companywith a Very broad product mix, and a marketing theory that anything is possible. They Aim to release their 3D TVs mainly through private company sales rather than in across the country acclaimed retail stores like most brands. Mitsubishi has continued touse and perfect DLP technology, created by Texas Instruments, while Samsung ha s moved on from DLP and has released some beautiful Plasma, LCD and direct3D TVs.Mitsubishis difference isin its picture quality,although DLP offers great picture quality the technology has many drawbacks such as bulb replacement and interior cleanup spot to maintain picture quality that hinder consumers from buying their product. Mitsubishi is the most recent follower of trends by recently adopting the Smart TVidea and integrating meshconnectivity into the unit. .3 Panasonic Inc. Panasonic, another Japanese company, is another competitor finding its way to the top three market shares in the TV market.Panasonic aims to bethe No. 1 leafy vegetable Innovation Company in the Electronics Industry by 2018, the 100th anniversary of theirfounding. After Samsung initiated an unexpected price war with Panasonicat the opening of the 3D market, they announce an expectancy to miss sales targets for the first year. Demonstrating Samsungs sound knowledge of good pricing strategies keeping co mpetitors on edge. Panasonics premier 3D product differs inthe backlight composition, opting to use plasma for theopening of the 3D market. LG Electronics Inc.LG Electronics is a Korean company. LG Electronics Inc. , ranking as the worlds second-largest maker of flat-screen TVs,said it aims to strengthen its presence in the burgeoning 3D TV market, seeking to grab a share larger than its target for the liquid-crystal display (LCD) TV market. LG is eyeing 25percent of the global 3DTV market this year, which amounts to 950,000 sales based on an annual market forecast of 3. 8 zillion units. That compares with LGs 15percent market share target forLCD TVs, or25 million units. LG had focused on themass market.Initially LGs objectivewas to create footprint among the sizable middle class, and other than its aggressive pricing, little todistinguish it fromother consumer unchanging companies. 5 Vizio Inc. Vizio is a market share leader in the industry, but its claim to success is in its abil ity to followtechnology and market trends. Vizios vision is to be the industry leaderin consumer electronics by consistently delivering the latest technologies at the most affordable price. Vizio has developed cost efficient business methods that allow them to undermine the quality of the products slightly and the price for what they sell atsignificantly.SWOT Analysis Strength A. High Quality Innovative Products Brand Prestige Samsungs 3D TV market products lead theindustry as they beget pioneered the launch of thenew market segment inearly 2010. Samsungs LED TV product line has earned the prestige of the best picture quality available in the market by Consumer Electronics Reports. Those very products arealso star(p) theway in innovation in the way of style and appeal to consumers, as Samsung released the 9000Series, which is thethinnest 3D TV available at. 31 inches.Samsung is a strong corporate brand knownfor its quality products andadvanced technology use. The brand prestige that Samsung looks to carry over from the LED, LCDand Plasma markets, hoping consumers will easily identify the brand and associate it with it high quality products from an organization dedicated to providingmarket leading products. B. Availability of Resources Samsung recently transferred 300 engineers from their very prominent semiconductor unit business unit within the organization, and established a new television business unit.The relocation of these engineers hasallowed SE to develop market products far beyond the technology and innovative capacity of competitors. C. Constant Focus on RD Samsung Electronic has been regularly strengthening its research and developments (RD) function. The company devotes significant resources and attention to develop consumer-preferredproducts with innovative and distinctive features. It is evident from the fact that, the company invested approximately 5. 0% of its revenue in RD activitiesover 2008 and 2009. 2 WeaknessesA. Lack of joining with 3D Gaming Content Unlike SEs competitor Sony, Samsung does not have a direct association with content provider for 3D gaming. Acknowledging that the 3D gaming segment will account for a substantial market share, one could infer Sonys association with gaming consoles like PlayStation asa competitive advantage over Samsung. B. High Quality, High Price Understanding SE prides itself on having very high quality products, one can infer that SE canjustifiably charge the highest price for those renowned products.To maintain a dominant market share as the market for 3D TVs expands, SEs establish target consumer willhave to expand. With thetarget consumer established economically as the upper direct of the middle class and all levels of the upper class shortly, the target will have to expand to incorporate all members of the middle class. 3 Opportunities A. Strategic alliances that enhance the companys product religious offerings Samsung Electronics has entered into strategic agreements wi th some of the well-known companies of the world in the recent past.For instance, during June 2009,the company signed a patent cross license agreement with Toshiba for semiconductortechnologies. Toshiba is the leading player in the NAND flash memory market with thousands of patens under itsname. Toshiba is also in the forefront of innovations in this product category with several new technologies under its credit. By signing the cross licensing patent agreement with Toshiba, Samsung Electronics continues to have access to important NAND flash process technology as well as multi level cell flash memory design IP relevant for future NAND flash generations.B. Partnership to access 3D gaming content Establishing a union with a company in the video game industry would be ideal to increase the amount of 3D gaming content. Although this segment ofthe market is currently minimal, the surplus of content could influence consumers so that the segment could increase. A partnership with a compa nylike Microsoft could have an impact on the marketgreatly. The measure of this opportunity would be immediately, the sooner the partnership begins, and the sooner the content could be produced, presenting an opportunityfor the marketto expand. . Threats A. 3D Gaming Market Sony The fact that Sony offers the PlayStation gaming console, they have a foot in the door with the consumers who have interest in 3D gaming, which could potentially represent a significant share of the market. Sonys PlayStation is the first gaming console to launch 3D gamingcontent. This relationship between the two products allows Sony to sell both products together at a discount offering not only a product to view 3D content, but also a gaming console with abilities that allow consumers to play3D games.

Great Depression

Mrs. Russell Cause and Effect Essay English 101-80 with child(p) effect What caused the spacious Depression, the worst economic depression in US history? It was not nevertheless wholeness factor, but instead a crew of domestic and universal conditions that led to the expectant Depression. The causes aand effects of the big(p) Depression was huge across the orb, here atomic number 18 three top causes and effects of the Great Depression. Stock commercialize Crash of 1929 was one of the major causes that led to the Great Depression.Two months later on the original go down in October, stockholderzs had doomed more than $40 one thousand million dollars. By the ending of 1930, the stock market tried to regain some of its losses but it was not enough and the States truly entered the Great Depression. passim the 1930s, over 9,000 banks failed. entrust deposits were uninsured and thus as banks failed people simply lost their savings. Surviving banks was unsure of the economi c situation and concerned for their own survival, stop being as unbidden to create new loans.This exacerbated the situation leadig to less and less expenditures. When the stock market crashed, and the banks failed and unemployment levels reached higher and higher pointsw people understandably stop spending money, which to a fault deeped the economic crisis as demand for products and services slowly stopped. First effect is Stock Market and Banking regulations, after the stock market crash of 1929 and collapse of more and so 40% of American banks, strict trading and banking regulations put in place.For financial protection newly formed Securities and Exchange electric charge and the Federal secretary Insurance Corporation for financial protection. Second effect is when Franklin D. Roosevelts introduced programs between 1933 and 1930, designed to help America pull out of the Great Depression by addressing high rates of unemployment and poverty. FDR and Congress introduced regulati onzs and subside the cornerstones of the New Deal wetre the Public Works Administration and the National Recovery Administration.Third effect is when many people learn some valuable things rough managing their money and doing the best they could with what they had. Children grew up to be very imaginative and inventive. They appreciated the things they had access to in their sprightliness because they never forgot just how little they once had. The Great Depression ended in the 1939 as the world increase the production of the war materials with the outbreak of WWII. struggle production increased jobs and hence large amounts of money were reintrodu ced to circuklate in the economy.Great DepressionSteinbeck teaches us that as humans, loneliness and the impulse for companionship is inevitable and in this cruel world where we ar on the whole set again t one an new(prenominal) as rivals for the resources needed to survive, true friendships atomic number 18 to be cherisher d for the y are backbreaking to come by. As humans, we are all subject to loneliness at some points in our lives, and we all desire companionship, no matter how indifferent we whitethorn act to mask that desire. In by John Steinbeck, Curlers wife is incredibly lonely as the only woman on the ranch and is often discriminate from the ranch hands who view her as trouble.She is often see n prancing around the ranch in the pretense of searching for her husband and often attempts to lock other ranch hands in friendly conversation. During her conversation in the stables with Car kooks, Candy, and Leonie, she remarked, Effendi I dont like to talk to somebody ever once in a w hill? Think like to stick in that house all time? (Steinbeck, 77). This was particularly imp rotary as it displays her loneliness and desire for companionship. However, her friendly sees is often seen as flirtatiousness to the other men, and this proves in their view of her as an unfed dutiful and dangerous woman.Crooks, jus t like Curlers wife, suffers from loneliness as w ell, though his isolation results from his race instead of his words and actions. As shown during Eng his conversation with Leonie in the stables, Crooks remarks that if he sees something, he dont know whether its right or not and he has no one to ask and nothing to measure by (Steinbeck 73). He had also cried that if a guy gets too lonely an he gets sick (Steinbeck 73). This was IM prognostication as well for it showed just how desperately we desire companionship.If we had no on e besides us, we get so lonely and desperate that we became sick collectible to the lack of company. The desire for companionship and loneliness are inevitable parts of human life that we all ex pertinence from time o time, though we may all deal with it in various methods, with some acting more indifferent than others. In this world with a population of around 7 billion and extremely limited ores urges, we are born into a dotage world. The competition for resources took a turn f or the worse when the Great Depression hit in the asses. Futures this harsh reality in which men are set against each other in a competition for the sparse jobs and machined De money, which was because used to purchase a piece of land. This was the vision of every men, but alas, in a world of worsening economy, very fewer saw their dream to fruition. As Curlers wife had observed in the novella, if she engaged one man in a conversation, theyd get along just if en and have a nice chat. However, if she attempts to engage a group of men in a conversation, the eyed all be too scared of each to talk to her, theyd be too scared that the others may get so meeting on them.This observation shows the hostility hidden beneath the pretense of friendly sees the men have with one another. The minute the rest gets something on one of the men, the eyed eliminate him so theyd have less competition for the resources, in this case, money and job s. When Candy, George, and Le onie were first entertain the idea of owning a stake together r, George had warned them not to tell a soul for they liable to can us so we cant make no SST aka (Steinbeck 61 This warning displays the distrust among the men.Perhaps this is why true e friends pips are cherished and mourned when lost, for in this hostile world, it is difficult to co me by, but a great goodwill in times of hardship. The world is cruel and hostile, and men are all says out to get one another. Loneliness and the desire for companionship is inevitable, we will all expire once it in our bedtime at one point or another, and it will only teach us to cherish our comma onions more.After all, true companions are hard to come by in this harsh reality in which we are all born as rivals battling for the same limited resources we need to survive. Steinbeck had, thro spit up his profound use and command of the English language, taught us, to put it in the simplest way, how to understand one another better. The key to communication and relations ammo Eng people is the judgment of each other, and by , Steinbeck has taught us just how we can begin to understand one another.Great DepressionMrs. Russell Cause and Effect Essay English 101-80 Great Depression What caused the Great Depression, the worst economic depression in US history? It was not just one factor, but instead a combination of domestic and worldwide conditions that led to the Great Depression. The causes aand effects of the Great Depression was huge across the world, here are three top causes and effects of the Great Depression. Stock Market Crash of 1929 was one of the major causes that led to the Great Depression.Two months after the original crash in October, stockholderzs had lost more than $40 billion dollars. By the end of 1930, the stock market tried to regain some of its losses but it was not enough and America truly entered the Great Depression. Throughout the 1930s, over 9,000 banks failed. Bank deposits were uninsured an d thus as banks failed people simply lost their savings. Surviving banks was unsure of the economic situation and concerned for their own survival, stopped being as willing to create new loans.This exacerbated the situation leadig to less and less expenditures. When the stock market crashed, and the banks failed and unemployment levels reached higher and higher pointsw people understandably stopped spending money, which also deeped the economic crisis as demand for products and services slowly stopped. First effect is Stock Market and Banking regulations, after the stock market crash of 1929 and collapse of more then 40% of American banks, strict trading and banking regulations put in place.For financial protection newly formed Securities and Exchange Commission and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation for financial protection. Second effect is when Franklin D. Roosevelts introduced programs between 1933 and 1930, designed to help America pull out of the Great Depression by add ressing high rates of unemployment and poverty. FDR and Congress introduced regulationzs and subside the cornerstones of the New Deal wetre the Public Works Administration and the National Recovery Administration.Third effect is when many people learned some valuable things about managing their money and doing the best they could with what they had. Children grew up to be very imaginative and inventive. They appreciated the things they had access to in their life because they never forgot just how little they once had. The Great Depression ended in the 1939 as the world increased the production of the war materials with the outbreak of WWII. War production increased jobs and hence large amounts of money were reintrodu ced to circuklate in the economy.Great DepressionIf someone went to prison in 1989 and was released in the year 2000, he would belike be surprised by how drastic change can be in ten years can bring. When 1990 started, people were still communicating through letters a nd the telephone. The Bible was still the greatest bestseller and people used the word terror to describe how scared they were of their neighbors dog. By the end of 1999, however, children were centre with a new book. People were sending e-mails to their loved ones, and our idea of terror has been redefined.The 90s was shaped by things we could not have imagined, things that have brought about major changes in our lives. Though the tenner was made of numerous and note-worthy events, this paper will zero in on three factors that best define the 1990s in America the story that mattered to the young, the technology that changed the face of communication, and the heartbreak that we suffered as a nation. In trying to define the 1990s in America, it is important that we take a case at the decades popular literary works. Literature is an important indicator of the times.By reading the popular literature of the early 1920s, we see a generation dried out by the. If we read the poetry and fiction of the Beat writers, we see a carefree generation of the late 50s desexualise to break into the sexual revolution of the 60s. Ive always thought of literature as a reflection of a peoples state of mind. It is, after all, the collection of stories of people. And people only write stories of the things that truly matter to them. Ironically, in the 90s, the intimately popular story ever told could not have happened to anyone.That would just be silly. No 11-year-old boy could have found out that he was a wizard and then went off to wizardry school. But that is exactly the premise of the most popular book of the 90s rile Potter. The premise does sound pretty simple, but author JK Rowling managed to craft intricate storylines of various adventures, with mysteries being deliciously unraveled along the way. The result? The highest selling childrens book in history. No other childrens book has ever made much of an impact as the boy who lived.From then on there were several other b ooks written about magic, wizards, vampires, robots, things not of this earth. And I think this is indicative of what we as a people are micturate for. We are a generation ready to be bewildered, to consider things outside our immediate reality. Wiktorin, in his paper about how the nettle Potter books relate to modern-day life, states that constructing a world different to the ordinary one and marketing this, can certainly be a very lucrative enterprise (2). This is exactly what Harry Potter and all the fantasy books of the nineties have offered us.A constructed world so different from our own, but governed by the rules and emotions that are quintessentially human. This readiness to consider things outside our farming went hand in hand with the explosion of the internet in the nineties. In 1984, if you were a lonely kid in school, you went home and dealt with it. In 1998, a nerdy 13-year-old who plausibly feels ill at ease with his schoolmates can log in on the internet after s chool and find an online community of people to talk to. In the 1990s, the internet was really primarily used for communication.The e-mail and the chat functions were the most popular internet activities. A study conducted by Axel Franzen shows that email increases social employment and regression analysis shows that profit users have 24% more friends (Lesnard, 4). The world got a lot smaller, and getting in touch was just a few clicks away. The amount of information that the World Wide Web has brought to individuals cannot be emphasized enough. If Harry Potter led us to believe or consider things that are outside our realm, the internet allowed us to think of the things that existed beyond our personal reality.It allowed us to be openhanded of differences, because these differences are no longer miles away from us. We hear about it a few clicks away. The things that we can see on the internet can also be seen by people with internet in China. It equalizes us somehow and allows u s to interact in astounding ways. As much as Harry Potter brought about a considerable amount of whimsical take out and the internet allowed us to be more aware of others cultures and differences, certain events of the 90s unfortunately gave us first-hand experience of evil.In the middle of the decade, America experienced its first terror round off through the okay Bombing. Despite the number of wars that have been fought by our country, a terror attack was so surprising because it just didnt make sense. The Oklahoma bombing wasnt an unfortunate result of any military operation. It wasnt the work of some psychotic man. It wasnt an accidental occurrence. Rather, it was a carefully mensural plan with the sole purpose of terrorizing people. The perpetrators were apprehended and convicted, and the reasons behind their actions was said to be disappointment with how the U.S government handled past issues. Instead of letting their opinions known through protests, they took a course of action as arbitrary as it is terrorizing. The Oklahoma Bombing killed 108 people, including babies on daycare. This terrorist attack reminded us of the need for security, to protect our nation from people who are on the mission to destroy it. When it comes to vigilance against terrorism, unlike most other enterprises, success and failure are measured according to the number of lives saved and lost (Manzi, et. al. , 10).We cannot afford to lose the war against terror, as it will mean losing precious lives. After the Oklahoma bombing, the government implemented tighter security measures and that has stopped numerous other terror attempts. However there still continues to be groups of people who vehemently disagree with what America stands for as a nation. So much so, that they are willing to kill thousands of people just to show their hatred and defiance. Sadly, they succeeded again in 2001, when we found ourselves dealing with the horror that is 9/11.Every year we learn something new . Every decade stands for something. But during 1990s, aside from learning the Macarena and wearing baby doll dresses with high cut boots, aside from thinking that boy bands were actually cool, we grew a lot as a nation. The internet has shown us that the world as we know it could be perceived as an entirely different world for others. And it is important to be tolerant of differences, to respect differences. Terror attacks have shown us the extreme effects of our intolerance.Even the preferred choice of reading material shows that we are ready to tolerate changes, unlike Harry Pottters human family who cant accept the fact that hes a wizard. There is still so much to be learned, so many virtues to put into practice, and knowledge to be put in use. But Id love to believe that the experiences we had in the 90s helped us a lot. And in retrospect, I hope that I will also consider this decade as great as the one it preceded. Works Cited Lesnard, L. Social Change, Daily Life, and the Int ernet, Chimera Working Paper, 2005-07 Retrieved on 17 November 2008, http//hal.archives-ouvertes. fr/docs/00/04/46/29/PDF/CWP-2005-07-Lesnard-Social-Change. pdf Wiktorin, Pierre. Constructing a Distinct Other Harry Potter and the Enchantment of the Future 17 May 2005. Retrieved on 17 November 2008, http//www. anpere. net/2007/12. pdf Manzi, Powers, & Zetterlund. Critical Information Flows in the Alfred P. Murrah Building Bombing A Case Study. The Terrorism Studies Series. Retrieved on 17 November 2008. http//www. mipt. org/pdf/murrahcasestudy. pdf

An Analysis of Young Mr. Goodman Brown

He uses symbolism, diction, and tone to enhance the contributors experience and to more effectively write the level. This piece also attendences several real life historic events to make his story more powerful and believable. Many traits of the Ro servicemantic period are reflected in this piece, such as the focus on personal feeling and the power of the natural world. Hawthorne was also influenced by writers from the Transcendental movement and that give the axe be seen in his work. The Speaker in Mr.. Goodman Brown is an unidentified narrator. Even though the story is not being told from Mr..Goodman perspective it is written in a way that reveals his emotions to the reader. Hawthorne used diction to allude to Mr.. Goodman emotions and feelings. We know that he Is feeling terrified when he Is walking through the forest because words Like dreary, darkened, evil. Gloomiest, creep, and lonely are used to describe his setting. We also know Mr.. Goodman Brown is fearful of the man because when we talks to him he has a tremor in his voice. The man Is also described as having an indescribable air, of one who knew the world. The tremor In Mr.. Goodman voice shows that he Is Intimidated by the figure.It seems Ironic that he calls the man his companion. I believe he does this out of fear and in hopes of gaining his respect so that he will not hurt him. Hawthorne holds off on revealing the occasion of their meeting until nearly halfway through the story. The suspense makes the reader anxious and everything somewhat the Journey becomes that much more mysterious. He keeps referring to the journey which is unknown, and all the reader knows is that Mr.. Goodman is uncertain of it and It Is something that he eels he needs to hide from his wife, Faith.The reader Is given hints as to what the meeting could be about because of the evil man. He is referred to as the devil and even people who pass by recognize this. This helps to foreshadow the witchcraft communion that Mr.. Goodman finds himself at. Hawthorne uses a lot of symbolism in Muffing Mr.. Goodman Brown to add more youth. She is describes as thrusting her own pretty head into the street, letting the wind exploit with the pink ribbons of her cap. This image is very carefree and paints the picture of someone very small, like a young girl. Faiths youngness serves as a double symbolism that reflects purity.Faith is young, naive, and innocent. This sinlessness and purity does not come from her youth alone, but also from her faith in God. Faiths faith is strong and it is something that Mr.. Goodman respects. Also, Mr.. Goodman own faith is tested in this story to determine whether he is good or evil. Another item in this story that has great symbolism is the evil mans staff. His staff represents evil, and it is almost like a spirit that overcomes who even takes hold of it. The staff seems to hold all of he devils power within it because as soon as he touches Goody abutting she proclaims, t he devil The staff is an item of anachronism in this story. The alive and serpent like features of the staff, specifically how it turns into a snake when it is thrown on the ground refer to Moses in the Bible. God commands Moses to throw his staff on the floor before the King of the Egyptians so it will become a snake. God commands this in hopes of proving to them that He is God and he is all powerful. The staff has the same kind of power over everyone it comes in contact with, and impolitely alters who they are. The diction in Muffing Mr.. Goodman Brown is a huge part of the readers experience.The diction in this story helps to build the tone and makes the reader feel a certain way whether it be scared, mystified, or bewildered. At the beginning of the story Mr.. Goodman Brown is very sincere. He wants Faith to know that he truly loves her by calling her My love, my sweet, pretty wife. He wants her to feel soothing and this is reflected in the diction of this characterization. W ords like sleep, dreams, pray, pretty, dearest, and heart are used to show his compassion. As soon as he parts with Faith in that location is a major tone shift.He begins feeling scared and doubts his decision. As he enters the woods the diction reflects his fear with words like smote, narrow, peculiarity, thick, unseen, and solitude describing his surroundings. In this passage the syntax is also very intense and is used to enhance the readers emotions as well. The sentences are sharp and Jagged like the night in the woods. Many literary devices such as, diction, syntax, and tone were used by Hawthorne in Muffing Mr.. Goodman Brown to create a more powerful story and accurately project ear and confusion into the minds of his readers.Hawthorne also used symbolism to tie his story together and penetrate it with the theme. Hawthorne was a master of emotions and creating them. Not only did the reader feel emotions while helps the reader connect with the characters and makes a very unb elievable story seem more like reality. This text is important because it opens its readers up to rich examples of how diction and syntax can be used to create extreme tones that effect its readers. It also gives some insight into the Romantic period my emphasizing the power of human emotion in nature. Total words 1 ,093

Johnson & Johnson Green Business

Final Individual Research Paper *Johnson & Johnson Company* Table of Contents COMPANY exposit 1. 1 Introduction Johnson & Johnson (NYSE JNJ) is a global American pharmaceutic, medical devices and consumer packaged goods reconstructr founded in 1886. Johnson & Johnson is match little among the Fortune 500. The stomachs headquarter is located in New Brunswick, New island of jersey, United States. The corporation implys 250 decentralized companies with effects in over 57 countries. Its intersections be sold in over clxxv markets. Johnson & Johnsons brands intromit numerous foretokenhold names of medications and first aid supplies.Among its well-known consumer products be the hatful-Aid mail assembly line of bandages, Tylenol medications, Johnsons baby products, Neutrogena skin and beauty products, Clean & opened facial wash and Acuvue contact lenses school school school text editionbook editionbookbook edition edition editionbibliography-mark . The associatio n believes that it is responsible to the communities in which its employees live and work and to the world community as well. As a large, multinational organization, Johnson & Johnsons environ handstal footprint is complex and far-reaching. The family strives to take action in all its facilities to calumniate this footprint.Johnson & Johnson has long been committed to zip fastener saving and improving the wellness of the inventionet textbibliography-mark . J has non al managements been vocal ab bug out its socially and surroundally responsible efforts, even it has gotten attention for its sustainability st postgies, including being 3 on Newsweek magazines light-green Rankings List of commonalty companies textbibliography-mark . On a kin plate of 1 to 100, AstraZeneca and Johnson & Johnson lead the first-ever review of the pharmaceutic sectors to rate above 70 in a new-fashioned survey of sustainability practices by Climate Counts.Climate count evaluates firms commitments in four empyreans Whether they construct stones throwd their coulomb footprint If they strike downd their impact on global warming If they have supported or bar climate legislation or policy To what level they have publicly disclosed their climate actions Johnson & Johnson scored richlyly in all sectors except for measuring its own one C footprint, an ara in which it scored 12 out of 22 textbibliography-mark . Some interesting facts about J Its the second largest producer of solar panels in the U. S. its the largest incarnate practiser of hybrid vehicles, and it gets 30% of its expertness from renewable consultations. Its too done a lot to clip its water footprint, reduce PVC content in products, handle pine away as raw materials, and commit recycled piece in product forwarding (Gonzalez, 2009). 1. 2 perpetration Johnson & Johnson does non have any mission statement. For more than than 60 grades, document known as Our religious doctrine has guided in fulfilli ng responsibilities to customers, employees, communities and the stockholders textbibliography-mark . Johnson & Johnsons Our Credo is attached in vermiform appendix- B. The fellowship continues to stand by that credo for 118,700 employees at its facilities in the United States and in 54 countries around the world. It states, We ar responsible to our employees, the men and women who work with us byout the world. Everyone must be viewed as an individual. We must respect their dignity and severalize their merit. They must have a sense of security in their jobs. Compensation must be bazar and adequate, and working conditions clean, orderly and safe. Employees must feel free to subscribe to suggestions and complaints textbibliography-mark . The philosophy at Johnson & Johnson is that altogether accidents and injuries atomic number 18 pr vitrineable. An accident is the end result of a unique chain of events and conditions. The role of all Johnson & Johnson employees is to forew arn these acts and intercept them before they occur textbibliography-mark . At Johnson & Johnson, continuous improvement is the basis for ongoing unconscious processs. As per Joseph Van Houten, worldwide director of aimning, wreak Design and Delivery, Johnson & Johnson is never satisfied with introduceing the status quo. each(prenominal) employee has a responsibility to severalise, and has possibility to eliminate hazards. In argonas where they can non be eliminated, employees atomic number 18 evaluate to be aware of hazards and safe-conduct themselves and others around them. As at many companies with stellar preventative programs, Johnson & Johnson management believes safety is eachones responsibility. Employees are expected to be concerned about their own safety and that of fellow employees, families, customers, contractors, visitors and the communities in which Johnson & Johnson operates. Johnson & Johnsons vision is bring science to the art of healthy living. The saf ety tenets embodied in the credo have been translated into a safety vision for the corporation that commits Johnson & Johnson to being the world leader in health and safety by creating an injury-free piece of work textbibliography-mark . 1. 3 Employee-related activities Johnson & Johnson has a wealth of programs and activities to support a diverse, inclusive culture which acts as an inhering key to business success. Affinity groups are voluntary, employee-driven groups that typically focus on a shared interest.These groups forget support and networking opportunities such as mentoring, community outreach, alimonyer development and cultural awareness activities. Johnson & Johnson companies offer semiformal or informal mentoring programs to expand opportunities and support development of a diverse workforce. A number of affinity groups offer programs that match up new members of the work community with experienced leaders who serve as mentors. Johnson & Johnson Diversity Universit y is a dynamic online alternative roleed to help employees understand and value differences and the benefits of working collaboratively to get together business cultivations.The Office of Diversity & Inclusion was established to foster recognition of unique backgrounds, talents and abilities as an great competitive advantage within Johnson & Johnson companies. This helps develop strategies to accomplish the global diversity vision, helps run companies share and leverage their best diversity practices, and reports to the Board of Directors and the Executive Committee on diversity within the companies textbibliography-mark . 1. 4 ProductsJohnson & Johnson offer products and information targeting baby care, skin and h cinch care, oral care, nutritionals, womens health, pain relief, wound care &topical, vision care and everywhere-the-Counter Medicines. luxuriate products include Baby Powder, Baby Oil, Baby Cream, Baby Lotion, Baby Shampoo, Baby Hair Oil, and Baby Soap textbibli ography-mark . Skin Care products include Clean and Clear Face wash, Johnson Buds, Neutrogena, Aveeno and Ambi Skincare. Oral Health Care products include Listerine, Listerine Whitening, Reach, Efferdent, and Rembrandt. Nutritionals include Splenda,Viactiv, Benecol, Lactacid and Sun Crystals. Womens Health products include Stayfree, Carefree, K-Y, Monistat, e. p. t and O. B. Wound Care *& Tropical *products include stria Aid, Savlon, Johnson Plast, Bengay, Caladryl, Neosporin, Cortaid, Tucks Hemorrhoidal Ointment, Daktarin, and Purell. Vision Care products are Visine and Acuvue Brand Contact Lenses. Over-the-Counter Medicines include Tylenol, Sudafed, Mylanta, Zyrtec and Zyrtec-D12-Hour, Motrin, Imodium, Pepcid, Nicorette, Benadryl, Rolaids, and Dolormin textbibliography-mark . The figure 1 in Appendix-A shows some of the different products of Johnson & Johnson. J&Js Strategies in Reducing Environmental *Footprint Johnson & Johnson has high well-worns for operating variablenesss in the area of environmental responsibility- striving to reduce its environmental impact. The figure 1 gives an idea on the investments made in lowering its Carbon vital force Efficiency. Highlights of Johnson & Johnson green features include victimization renewable, efficient, and clean sources of cypher. Reducing Green house flatulencyes from manufacturing units Reducing water use on a perfunctory basis. Implementing a forward-looking build design and using natural materials. Purchasing green products/ furtherance, from cleaning supplies to computers. Reducing Carbon footprint Implementing a buirdly recycle program. Making tools operable to help employees implement green practices at work and at home textbibliography-mark . 2. 1 Green post Johnson & Johnson (J&J), a long-time green energy purchaser, has surpassed the 400 trillion kWh per grade mark for its coursely renewable energy credit (REC) purchase. The total purchase size of about 435 million kWh per division makes the healthcare products provide the nations eighth largest purchaser, according to the EPAs Green Power matchship program.The purchase of various RECs from pry and biomass facilities represents about 38% of the corporations U. S. galvanicity use textbibliography-mark . Johnson & Johnson has won numerous environmental awards over the past 15 years, including the Green Power Partner of the Year in 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007and 2009. Among its environmental initiatives is its destination to reduce greenhouse grease-gun emissions to 7% below 1990 levels by 2010. The conjunctions renewable energy portfolio in any case includes direct purchases of bundled green energy from low-impact hydro and go personnel.In addition, the company has now installed 4. 1 megawatts (MW) of solar photovoltaic installations at its U. S. facilities. Lastly, the companys unique 3 MW onsite landfill gas project In Mountain View, California became fully operational in 2007. Under a 15-year gas purcha se agreement with the City of Mountain View, ALZA Pharmaceuticals, a J&J subsidiary, uses the landfill methane gas to male monarch three research and development grammatical constructions in the area adjacent to the landfill site textbibliography-mark . 2. 2 heating strategy and Power from Landfill GasTo address volatile, escalating energy prices and concerns about climate swop, many large energy consumers including Johnson & Johnson are looking for stable, nonpolluting sources of energy. Besides solar and wind power, landfill gas (LFG) is similarly an economically viable renewable resource but is often overlooked. 2. 2. 1 Johnson & Johnsons LFG Project Johnson & Johnson committed to reducing its GHG emissions by 7 per centum below its 1990 levels by 2010. Each of the companys business units has an emissions target whose progress is tracked per year textbibliography-mark .ALZA pharmaceuticals, a fraction of J&J, needed to reduce its GHG emissions by 21. 5 million pounds per year or risk failing meet their target. ALZAs research and development facilities in California are adjacent to the Shoreline Landfill. The figure 2 in Appendix A shows the layout of ALZA. The LFG produced in the Shoreline Landfill by decaying waste was captures and flares in accordance with EPA regulations for large landfills. ALZA and the city of Mountain View signed a 15-year contract for the sale of the gas, which ALZA uses to power three 970-kilowatt generators at each of its research and development buildings in the area.Electricity from the generators powers the buildings, and the heat captured from the exhaust is utilize to provide hot water textbibliography-mark . 2. 2. 2 The System ALZA takes possession of the gas before the subsisting flare and processes it on-site at the landfill using a tired moisture elimination governance. Three 60-horsepower blowers maintain the gas at a pressure of 6 pounds-per-square-inch (psi) as it passes through a chiller. The temperature o f the gas at the inlet is 70F, and when it is exposed to the colder temperatures in the chiller, the moisture in the gas condenses and falls out of the gas as droplets.The system removes 90 per centum of the moisture in the gas and is capable of processing 1,300 standard blocky feet of gas per minute. Although the landfill generates gas continuously throughout the year, ALZAs electrical energy needs vary, and sometimes during the pass months the system generates more electricity than the buildings need. The system is expected to generate 24,000 megawatt-hours of electricity per hour of natural gas consumption textbibliography-mark . 2. 3 Solar Energy A Solar photovoltaic (PV) system provides the clean, reliable, renewable energy. Johnson & Johnson has installed more than 4. MW of solar photovoltaic generation at ten locations in US. According to WRI as of colourthorn 2008, J&J is the second largest user of on-site solar energy in the United States textbibliography-mark . 2. 3. 1 Energy and Atmosphere in J&J PRD, San Diego, California Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and using (J&J PRD) knack in San Diego, California achieved lead in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) and won several awards for their energy and environmental operation. The solar photovoltaic (PV) system provides the clean, renewable energy at J&J PRD as shown in Appendix- estimate 3.J&J PRD achieved a 2. 2 megawatt from co-generation system so far. J&J PRD jacket crown mounted DC solar PV system which generated a 243 Kilowatt (KW) off solidifyingting 10 conk out of the annual electricity consumption in addition to its 90 percent off rank from the co-generation system. This shows that J&J PRD has exclusively offset the buildings net annual energy consumption and making the facility carbon neutral. This Solar PV system is expected to generate annual energy savings of approximately $500,000 depending on the electric rates.J&J PRD solar energy generates power tantamount(pr edicate) to power consumed by 80 homes textbibliography-mark . 2. 4 Green abide Gas Reductions In Johnson & Johnson since 1990, various company projects have foc utilise on energy power improvements for lighting, facility building envelopes, HVAC, compressed air, office equipment, fuel sources, and heat recovery. From 1990 to 2000, $12. 5M has been rescue through these projects and 107,000 metric tons of carbon dioxide have been prevented. Johnson & Johnsons GHG diminution efforts began with an internal goal adopted in 2000.Each operating company is responsible for meeting GHG diminution goals of 4 percent by 2005 and 7 percent by 2010. Many reductions were identified through Johnson & Johnsons Enhanced Best Practices (EBP), which include 245 energy-saving opportunities for affiliates to consider textbibliography-mark . Johnson & Johnson also partners with organizations aiming to set the standard for GHG management such as EPAs ENERGY asterisk, Green Power partnership, and movement Track World Resources Institute (WRI) World Wildlife Fund and the Carbon Disclosure Project.The company has received numerous energy and environmental awards including EPAs Green Power Partner of the Year, The California Governors Award for Sustainable Practices, New Jersey Clean Energy Business Leader of the Year, and The Climate Group Low Carbon Leader textbibliography-mark . 2. 4. 1 J&Js way of admittance to GHG Management Johnson & Johnsons Inventory Management Plan (IMP) has been integrated into its internal GHG Protocol. Using the IMP has given the companys internal protocol much more organize and clarity, making it easier to explain to those employees new to GHG management.Johnson & Johnson has various processes in place to track the progress of its goal. The companys Energy track System (ETS) is solely give to tracking energy and emissions goals. Through this system, affiliates report energy usage, constitute, and projects with any applicable savings. The ETS u tilizes the latest emissions factors from WRI and EPA, and the system adjusts when new factors are published textbibliography-mark . The largest single component responsible for the emissions reduction is the purchase of renewable energy certificates (RECs) for wind power.The emission reductions due to the RECs purchases in 2004 accounted for 170,000 metric tons of CO2 equivalent, offsetting 29 percent of the companys emissions from electricity use and 19 percent of the total corporate emissions in that year. The proceed implementation of Johnson & Johnsons energy aptitude best practices and new facility design criteria have also been burning(prenominal) contributing factors to its emission reductions textbibliography-mark . 2. 4. 2 Energy and Atmosphere in Janssen *H*eadquarters Janssen is a division of Ortho-McNeil-Janssen Pharmaceuticals Inc. which is a wholly owned subsidiary of Johnson & Johnson. Janssen is driven by dedication to product innovation, customer focus, and org anizational excellence. The Janssen Headquarters in Titusville site has been able to reduce energy use by 11% and reduce its carbon footprint by 5,019 metric tons annually (over 75% reduction) through rigorous building commissioning and maintenance, installation of a 500 kilowatt rooftop solar photovoltaic system as shown in figure 4 in Appendix-A, and the purchase of green power and renewable energy credits (REC).This is the equivalent of imageting approximately 1,500 acres of trees or removing almost 1,000 cars from the roadways textbibliography-mark . Johnson & Johnson generates 24 percent of its corporate electricity demand from renewal energy sources. Janssen has offset its CO2 emissions by installing the solar system on its Titusville facility textbibliography-mark . 2. 5 Energy Efficiency Electricity Johnson & Johnson World Headquarters building was in the beginning built with an all electric heating and alter system and limited operating flexibility.The ENERGY STAR projec t which began in 2002 after an intensive energy audit and facility condition audit yielded an sign energy performance score of 52. The facility management team put in place a long-term strategic capital improvement plan to upgrade the buildings infrastructure with the most technically modernistic and energy-efficient equipment available. In addition to installing energy-efficient equipment, the new design enabled facility operators the ability to optimize the indoor environment to match the needs of the occupants textbibliography-mark .A number of projects were completed, including direct digital control (DDC) upgrades to both air handling equipment and variable air volume (VAV) boxes. Central utility upgrades included converting electric boilers to high efficiency natural gas. The chiller plant was upgraded from a constant flow system to a primary/ indirect system with high efficiency centrifugal chillers controlled by variable speed drives (VSD). The modify tower was upgraded a nd a condenser water reset program was installed and controlled by variable frequency drives (VFDs).A 232 KW photovoltaic elevated tracking system was installed on the upper level of the parking deck. Additionally, high efficiency motors and VFDs were installed on all major air handling equipment and the hot water reheat and chilled water pumps. Solar window film, high efficiency electrical transformers, and general office lighting military control sensors were also installed. All of the 24/7 air conditioning bucks supplied by the central chiller plant were evaluated and replaced with littler dedicated HVAC systems enabling the chiller plant runtime to be trim by 5,000 hours per year.The operations and maintenance team replaced 300, one hundred seventy-five watt metal halide lamps in the parking deck operating 24 hours a day with 85 watt Phillips QL induction lamps. The cumulative results of these projects enabled the reduction of the buildings overall energy consumption by 25 percent, tame an meliorate energy performance score of 85 and qualifying for the ENERGY STAR for superior energy performance textbibliography-mark . Johnson & Johnsons new lab in La Jolla beats Californias energy efficiency standards by 18%.Efficient technologies installed include window glazing and shades, variable speed drives and lights that are all under 60 watts. A 2. 2-megawatt cogeneration system supplies 95% of electricity as well as heating and cooling. The figure 5 in Appendix-A shows the Cogeneration placement in La Jolla. The new lab met Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) Silver standards. Johnson & Johnson was the recipient of a 2005 Flex Your Power Energy Efficiency Award textbibliography-mark . This building itself achieves annual savings of $536,000 on its energy bill, compared to the amount a standard laboratory would expect to pay.According to a model employ to estimate energy performance of new buildings employed by the local utility, San Dieg o Gas and Electric (SDG&E), a standard building would have apply $1,432,000 per year, which is 37 percent more than the J&J building. Based upon its exemplary energy performance, the building owners are awarded $143,000 for their inventiveness from SDG&E textbibliography-mark . This building resulted in an impressive list of energy efficiency and water conservation features resulted in an annual savings of more than a half million dollars.This translates into luxuriant electricity to power 680 homes Enough natural gas to heat 950 homes Reduced power plant emissions of 4. 8 tons of nitrogen oxides per year, 2. 1 tons of sulfur oxides per year, and 4,318 tons of carbon dioxide per year. 2. 5. 1 Building envelope The Lab building in La Jolla, California is constructed of steel framing and curtain wall. A white reflective cap sheet was installed on the roof, which both reduces the overall cooling load for facility and extends roof life because of the reduced roof temperature textbibl iography-mark . 2. 6 Water EfficiencyDiminishing water supplies and diminish water quality are pressing an environmental challenge, which is looked as a more acute problem at Johnson & Johnson. J&J have been reducing water use for many years. It achieved a 16 percent absolute reduction in water use from 2000- 2005, at a time when gross sales increased by 56 percent. To continue to name and maximize water conservation, J&J set a Healthy Planet 2010 goal for a further 10 percent absolute reduction in water use from 2005- 2010 textbibliography-mark . PRI provides multi-function support services for government and private facilities. religious services include base operations, maintenance, building management, operations and maintenance of equipment, and maintenance of building management systems textbibliography-mark . The figure 7 of Appendix-A shows the dropped level of water usage in J&J. Johnson & Johnson employ a number of water conservation technologies at PRI. These include Recovering condensate from cooling coils is used as make-up water for the cooling towers. Even though this respect had a 15-year payback, J&J felt that implementing this measure was consistent with their goal of environmental stewardship.Using reclaimed water for grace irrigation and other uses Using reclaimed water (which is available through a separate municipal water distribution system in the vicinity of PRI) for landscape irrigation and for providing makeup water to the cooling towers gives J&J a twofold benefit. First, the reclaimed water cost about 10 percent less than regular water. Second, making a commitment to use it whitethorn give J&J some beneficial considerations if drought conditions ever necessitate serious quelling f water use in the future textbibliography-mark Based in Titusville, New Jersey, Johnson & Johnson employs cooling condensate recycling that saves approximately 40,000 gallons of water per year. This eliminates the need for storm water discharge of the condensate and reduces chemical substance substance substance substance treatment needs for the cooling towers. In 2006, the site converted to 100% waterless urinals, which yielded a 12% reduction in water use (700,000 gallons per year) textbibliography-mark . Johnson & Johnsons La Jolla Lab facility is also water efficient, reducing water use by 11 million gallons annually textbibliography-mark . 2. 7 Waste Reduction * Johnson & Johnson believes that eliminating or reducing waste will not only help the environment but also reduce the associated costs and risks/liabilities from transportation, treatment and disposal. Johnson & Johnson has set a goal to reduce its barbaric and non- dotty waste by 10 percent against its 2005 baseline levels. So far, J&Js operating companies have achieved a 10 percent reduction in non-hazardous waste, largely through increased recycling and recycle of their waste and some progressive composting projects.Similarly, increased recycling and reuse of waste have allowed them to achieve a four percent reduction in hazardous waste since 2005 textbibliography-mark . 2. 7. 1 At Johnson & Johnsons Division in Titusville, New Jersey Initiatives to improve recycling compliance, combined with the elimination 70 percent of cafeteria disposables, have lead to a 29 percent reduction of non-hazardous solid waste which is 106,745kg per year. An innovative program to recycle all used carpet began in 2003 and 34,000 kg of carpet has been recycled till forthwith textbibliography-mark . . 8 Pharmaceuticals in the Environment Although the vast majority of pharmaceutical and other compounds found in water systems arise from normal patient and consumer use, Johnson & Johnson operating companies are taking steps to evaluate and defame or eliminate these compounds from their wastewater. Periodic wastewater monitoring has been used to determine potential toxicity to aquatic organisms, to conduct risk assessments, and to develop safe levels for Activ e pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs) textbibliography-mark .Another way pharmaceutical compounds can reach the environment is through consumer disposal of unused or expired medicines. Johnson & Johnson supports the U. S. White House Office of National Drug Control Policy for the Proper Disposal of Prescription Pharmaceuticals. This policy suggests a combine of take-back programs when they are available, trash disposal for most medicines, and flushing for some specific pharmaceuticals, such as narcotics textbibliography-mark . For Example Johnson & Johnson is also participating in an educational effort, called SMARTxT Disposal, being led by phRMA, the U. S.Fish & Wildlife Service and the American Pharmacists Association to inform consumers about proper disposal of unused or expired medicines. 2. 9 Indoor Environmental Quality Like most Johnson & Johnsons buildings that reach an exemplary level of energy efficiency, the PRI facility features a high efficient interior lighting system i n its lab division in La Jolla, California. This buildings efficiency lies on two reasons. Lighting energy use is huge. Lighting is the single largest energy end use in most commercial buildings, accounting for anyplace in between 25 and 50 percent of overall energy use.Through a combination of good design and efficient technology like using T5 lamps and electronic ballasts will result in load reduction of 0. 30 to 0. 50 watts per square foot. Lighting efficiency leads to downstream savings. The ample load reductions that result from efficient lighting lead to reduced cooling loads as well. As a result of reduced cooling and airflow requirements, a series of downstream savings are generated, including smaller ductwork, piping, air-handling units, and chillers.All of these down-stream efficiency gains translate into reduced operating cost, as well as construction cost savings for the smaller systems. The interior lighting system at the PRI facility is designed around high-quality li ght sources that are applied to balance efficiency with visual comfort. Other features of the lighting system include occupancy sensors throughout the building and the use of radioactive exit signs that glow without a wired power source textbibliography-mark .Looking at Johnson & Johnsons division in Titusville, New Jersey, an innovative program to reduce air contamination inside the building was implemented that utilizes ultraviolet lights in all air handlers. This system ensures the cleanest air supply possible, while eliminating the need for chemicals to purify air handler condensate. The site has also implemented low environmental impact housekeeping procedures since 2003, including compliance with Green seal cleaning product standards textbibliography-mark . *2. 10 Carbon Footprint*Johnson & Johnson has established a CO2 Reduction Capital Funding Process at the Group Finance level in 2004. The company targeted at $40 million per year for its energy and GHG reduction projects. E ach J&J affiliated divisions apply for funding relief for these projects. The company completed 31 projects by the end of 2007. As of year-end 2008, 51 projects were completed and the company saved 90,044 tons of CO2 annually. J&J budgeted $99 million for the projects and expects an average 16. 3 percent rate of return textbibliography-mark .Johnson & Johnsons headquarters located in New Jersey is located show up the train station with intent to reduce the carbon footprint. The major source for Johnson & Johnsons carbon emissions is their fleets of close to 36,000 vehicles worldwide. With the goal to improve fuel efficiency per mile by over 30% they have suitable their vehicle buying habits. It now boasts 2,100 hybrid vehicles in their fleet by March, 2008. Despite these measures, the company has not yet seen an overall improvement in distance per distance driven textbibliography-mark .The figure 6 of Appendix-A shows the investments made in lower carbon energy efficiency. *2. 11 Packaging* Johnson & Johnson primarily in the health care products. Since virtually all its products require some type of promotional material for protection and preservation, Johnson & Johnson has found important benefits by reducing advancement materials textbibliography-mark . It began developing its waste reduction program in 1988. Since then, the company has reduced its packaging by 2,750 tons per year, including a reduction in its use of paper by 1,600 tons, plastic by 1,000 tons, metal by 100 tons, and other materials by over 50 tons.Over the first 2 ? years of the program, these reductions saved Johnson & Johnson an estimated $2. 8 million in material costs exclusively textbibliography-mark . So far J&J achieved 93 percent of packaging and 83 percent of office paper to contain more than 30 percent PCR or fiber from certified forests textbibliography-mark . The company began its program by comprehensively reviewing its product packaging, looking for ways to cut back on t he amount of materials it purchased, as well as the amount of waste associated with the manufacture and use of these products.One measure Johnson & Johnson adopted was to reduce the weight of paper used to package one of its gauze products. Millions of these particular products are sold every year and the company realized that even a small change would make a big difference. The company reduced from 30-pound paper to 28-pound paper, Johnson & Johnson faced dramatic results a reduction in waste of 115 tons of paper, saving $450,000 annually textbibliography-mark . 2. 11. 1 Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) PackagingPolyvinyl chloride (PVC) has long been used in packaging for drugs, medical devices and personal care products because of its desirable physical characteristics for protecting product quality, including impermeableness to moisture, gas and flavor. But Johnson & Johnson operating companies also understand concerns about the ability to dispose of PVC in an environmentally sound mann er and the difficulties with recycling PVC. Its consumer franchise had a goal for 100 percent removal of PVC in primary packaging as well as secondary and tertiary packaging throughout the company.So far J&J has eliminated 84 percent of secondary and tertiary packaging across the company textbibliography-mark . 2. 11. 2 J&J Initiatives Johnson & Johnson also has initiated more complex waste prevention initiatives. As one example, the company eliminated an aluminum pouch that surrounded a plastic forge used to contain Prolene medical sutures. This new procedure was implemented without causing any loss of sterility textbibliography-mark . Band Aid brand adhesives bandages were originally packages in the metal tin box. By converting 50 percent of the total packaging to recycled paperboard, i. e. , 35-percent post-consumer, the company significantly reduced the quantity of packaging material postulate textbibliography-mark . Acuvue contact lenses were previously packaged in polypro pylene blisters and polypropylene storage boxes. To reduce polypropylene usage and waste, J&J completely redesigned the blister holding the lenses and their fluid to permit opposing blisters to nest.This change reduced the amount of polypropylene generated as waste during the manufacturing process and the size of the packaging required for the lenses textbibliography-mark Stayfree feminine hygiene product was previously packaged in a low-density polyethylene (LDPE) handbag topped with a cotton take instring and a cuff to carry the drawstring. The bag was redesigned to use a lower gauge LDPE, and the cuff and the drawstring were eliminated textbibliography-mark . 2. 11. 3 Waste ReducedProlene 16,000 pounds of very high grade aluminum foil reduced annually, a 52 percent reduction textbibliography-mark Band Aid brand adhesives bandages 1. 6 million pounds of metal packaging are saved annually textbibliography-mark Acuvue Blisters 264,000 pounds of polypropylene reduced annually, a 3 3 percent reduction textbibliography-mark Stayfree 440,000 pounds of LDPE and cotton string reduced annually, a 24 percent reduction textbibliography-mark 2. 11. 4 Annual Savings Packaging redesigns for Prolene, Band Aid, Acuvue and Stayfree save Johnson & Johnson over $3. million annually textbibliography-mark . The annual cost savings associated with reduced packaging for each product are indicated below 2. 12 Usage of Chemicals*, *Ingredients/ Materials Johnson & Johnson maintains a list of correct chemicals. In addition, the company industrial plant to anticipate chemicals that are not currently regulated but may be regulated in the future. The corporation has renderd an emerging issues process, headed by an environmental toxicologist who is part of the worldwide corporate Environmental Health and Safety group and has the responsibility to evaluate new reports on chemicals.From this review process, the company has created a Watch List of chemicals that have been identified as being of concern by non-government organizations (NGOs) textbibliography-mark . *2. 12. 1 Design tools for evaluating chemicals of concern and designing greener products* chemicals file Johnson & Johnson has develop several tools to assist product designers in eliminating chemicals and materials of concern. The first tool is a Design for Environment software tool. Designers can input a chemical and see whether it is heavily or lightly regulated. There is a color-coded scheme which indicates the regulatory level.Red indicates the chemical is banned by a government agency somewhere in the world black kernel highly regulated or on the Watch List grey indicates the chemical is less regulated yellow indicates minimal regulation and, green indicates the chemical is not regulated. The goal is to evaluate the product lifecycle and to identify and reduce impacts from raw material selection, use and disposal textbibliography-mark . The consumer segment of Johnson & Johnson convened an Ingr edients Issue Task coerce that has genuine a rating system for greener materials.This group has reviewed every ingredient in Johnson & Johnsons consumer products and has used resources such as the US EPAs PBT profiler and other tools to identify chemical hazards textbibliography-mark . 2. 13 recycle Johnson & Johnson has a goal to have 90 percent of office paper and 75 percent of paper-based packaging containing more than 30 percent post-consumer recycled (PCR) content or containing fiber from certified forests by the end of 2010 textbibliography-mark . Johnson & Johnson believes that all its employees have an impact on the sustainable results.It has undertaken measures to best utilize the every product in their daily business activities. J&J has increased recycling by 25 percent. J&J has achieved it with the following steps Encourages employees to recycle material using two side copying feature Using a reusable cups for beverages Encouraging staff members who purge old files to r e-use folders again Recycling paper clips, binder clips, envelopes, cardboards, newspaper, magazines and other similar items. These items are collected from the recycle bins right next to the employee desks and re-used.Recycles computers, carpets, furniture etc textbibliography-mark 2. 14 Maintenance of Scoreboard In 2009, the corporation has rolled out a scorecard for green products. This scorecard was developed to give designers and marketers a cleaner line of sight in creating new products and goes beyond tools that assess chemical hazards. A product receives points along five dimensions. Seven points are needed to be identified as a greener product. The dimensions include materials/ingredients, energy, waste, water, and packaging.This process includes a high level life cycle assessment to identify the areas of greatest environmental impact textbibliography-mark . *2. 15 Climate Savers Elements *of Fulfillment Strategies Johnson & Johnson identifies and extreme weather event tha t disrupts business as the greatest climate related risk the firm faces. Each major operation has a business continuity strategy in place and each business segment manufacture its products in more than one location textbibliography-mark . Johnson & Johnson is tracking and publicizing its CO2 reduction goal worldwide to every level of management.The goal is also being included in the companys annual environmental report textbibliography-mark . Johnson & Johnson has joined the following external initiatives The Climate Group (UK) The Climate Registry US EPA Green Power Partnership WWFs Climate Savers WRIs Green Power market Development Group CDPs Supply Chain Leadership Collaboration and US climate Action Partnership textbibliography-mark The company covering buildings, equipment, management practices, maintenance practices, and operational practices developed a comprehensive set of energy efficiency best practices.Sixty-seven percent of the best practices have been completed worldwid e. J&J is participating in the LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) certification program for existing buildings with its world headquarters building serving as a pilot project. A task force has also been developed to create guidelines that will allow the company to obtain LEED certification for all new facilities. On-site renewable generation Installation of four solar systems for a total of 1193 kW at California, New Jersey and Pennsylvania facilities.International on-site generation includes a solar hot water system at J&J Brazil providing 20,240 kWh/yr. of hot water and a solar hot water system at Janssen-Cilag, Portugal providing 8400 kWh/yr. of hot water. Purchasing of Renewable Energy All Texas operations 15 percent wind power, 10. 6 Million kWh/year. Cordis, Netherlands 10 percent wind power, 1. 1 Million kWh/year. Centocor, Netherlands 100 percent wind power, 12 Million kWh/year. An annual energy week is conducted worldwide to improve employee awareness. The theme last year was You Have the Power to Save Energy for a Brighter Future. Activities to increase awareness include conferences in different regions and an active energy Web site, which includes a renewable site and graphics depicting CO2 reduction levels textbibliography-mark . Johnson & Johnson conduct environmental campaigns every year and every facility created a five-year education plan to educate employees about climate change, sustainable forestry etc textbibliography-mark . 2. 16 Johnson & Johnsons Green Chemistry Initiatives Johnson & Johnsons pharmaceutical segment participates in the Pharmaceutical Green Chemistry Roundtable and is investing in green chemistry approaches.Because of the high costs of drug development, an investment in a green chemistry approach generally does not occur until a new drug has been approved. Johnson & Johnson entered the US EPAs Presidential Green Chemistry Challenge Award Program in 2008 for its work to scale up a pharmaceutical ingredient called Darunavir, a new protease inhibitor. The goal of the project was to reduce health, safety and environmental impacts in manufacturing and to reduce sots.This approach resulted in reduced solvent usage, hydrogen gas formation was eliminated, and methylene chloride was replaced with a more benign solvent. This increased the yield of the drug by 40% and reduced manufacturing costs by 81%. The company eliminated 96 tons of methylene chloride, reduced hydrogen gas by 4800 cubic meters and reduced raw materials hazardous waste by 46 tons textbibliography-mark . Green Suggestions and Recommendations I believe Johnson & Johnson needs to step up instead of waiting for the clients to take the further lead on sustainability.The company should always make wise material choices and to make sure its best utilizing the environmentally lucky materials before it undertakes any new project by posing some questions like Is the project designed to minimize waste? Can it be smaller, lighter, or made from fewer materials? Does it use renewable resources? Is reuse practical and encouraged? are the products and packaging refillable, recyclable, or repairable? Is it made with post-consumer recycled or reclaimed materials? How much? Are the materials available in a less toxic form? Can it be made with less toxic materials?Are materials available from a socially and environmentally responsible company? Is it made topically? There are some small gestures which are worth doing to create a sustainable environment. The daily used printing ink must be environmentally friendly It must reduce emissions, create less toxic waste, use a renewable resource, be easily de-inked, produce less hazardous sludge, and be more biodegradable than conventional ink. Design decisions like reducing the number of colors used to print a job is better on the environment as well as saves the companys budget.Recycled content is just one of the ways defined to make a good paper. When choosing papers, compan y should look beyond recycled content and consider recyclability, raw materials, and how the paper is bleached and manufactured. Packing and shipping are also important to think about. Instead of simply accepting the suggested size for a printed piece, company should consider what size will result in the least waste on press. Instead of specking on an motiveless-to-find, standard material that happens to release VOCs (volatile organic compounds), progressive material choices must be made as part of the initial presentation.Johnson & Johnson should start conducting some recycling programs and should let its consumers know about it through advertisements. The recycle programs are designed in such a way that consumers are encouraged to buy more and more environmental friendly products like plastics that are easily recyclable, boxes or products that are packaged in paper materials certified by the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) or made from post-consumer waste. This recycling program should make the consumers to return the annul packages and receive discounts or free products in return.Conclusion All modern buildings are constructed under a number of particularly stringent environmental constraints. These buildings use much less energy and are easy to maintain. The buildings success depended on a combination of J design philosophy which is reflected in the companys New Facilities Design Criteria, careful modeling of building systems to envision how each works on its own and what its impact is on the others, and a steadfast vision of the need to produce a robust structure that will function well for many decades. Hardheaded cost benefits methods were applied to every system in the buildings.Most often focused on the importance of reliability and smooth operation over the long term. For example Both of the two large chillers in New Jersey and La Jolla, California had VSDs installed to facilitate maintenance and provide flexibility with controls, though cost/bene fit analysis did not support this decision. A condensate recycling system was installed in spite of showing a 15-year payback because J wants to be a good corporate citizen. Using reclaimed water provided cost savings, improved environmental performance, and also reduces the chances of future water crisis.One hundred percent completion of best practices does not guarantee Johnson & Johnson with a cost effective and energy efficient design. Firstly, it is important to setup ambitious goals to provide a compass for an organization. Johnson & Johnson Healthy planet 2010 goal that all operating companies have a plan to improve their product and process environmental profiles and eliminate high priority chemicals is a useful way to encourage improvements and track progress in a highly decentralized organization.Secondly, green design tools are important in implementing these goals. Johnson & Johnson has developed a number of valuable tools to help in designing greener products including a design for environment tool and a rating system for greener ingredients. Thirdly, it is necessary to maintain a scoreboard to measure greener products in an additional means of clarifying and implementing these board goals. Johnson & Johnson has developed a scoreboard for greener products with 5 dimensions materials/ingredients, energy, waste, water, and packaging.Fourthly, participation is a valuable opportunity for information exchange. The companys active participation in Product Sustainability Roundtable, a cross sector initiative, has been a valuable way to share information on improving product sustainability. Bibliography Appendix -A Figure 1 drawframe Figure 2 drawframe Figure 3 drawframe Figure 4 drawframe Figure 5 drawframe Figure 6 drawframe Figure 7 drawframe Appendix B drawframe drawframe