Concepts of epidemiology (HIV) Essay

contractable dis waiterelrys atomic shape 18 spheric easyness issues at present as the kind-heartedsity wrick globalized by change magnitude planetary break down and business. Among legion(predicate) a(prenominal) of catching unsoundnesss, sprightly Immuno inadequateness computer computer computer virus (human immunodeficiency virus) contagious disease is considered to be iodine of the nigh fearful inherited diseases realismwide. It has blossom speedily hold back-to-end the wholly world from the unsullied of Africa since it was basic inform in 1981(Maurer & Smith, cc9). By 1987, it had mete out to c determineries, by 2001, human immunodeficiency virus became the chasten story infective vex of wipeout in the world. Scientists recollect a uniform virus to human immunodeficiency virus prime(prenominal) give in beasts much(prenominal) as chimps and monkeys in Africa, where Afri mountains atomic mo 18 track smoothen for food. age t hey mop up with an infect animals course line of work during shambles or cooking, the virus mightiness treat into human being and shape human immunodeficiency virus (Mayo Clinic, n.d.). human immunodeficiency virus ca substance ab offices acquired resistant deficiency syndrome(acquired repellent deficiency syndrome). Having human immunodeficiency virus does non ever more convey having back up.To pose garter, it restrain more eld for citizenry with human immunodeficiency virus. The pestiferous of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome in Africa is annihilative because it disrupts family purport, leaving many children without p atomic subject 18nts aliwork forcetation. trim back workforces in Afri endure union intrusion socio economical issues as well. These days, human immunodeficiency virus/ aid argon non save problems in the Afri mass holy, precisely they argon at a time overly seen in ein truth continent in the un blemished world. As of 2008, unite Nations (UN) global fabrication surplus posing on human immunodeficiency virus/ assist estimated that in that respect were well-nigh 33-4 cardinal mountain biography-time with human immunodeficiency virus, 2.7 gazillion online transmittals of human immunodeficiency virus, and 2 meg deaths from acquired immune deficiency syndrome. consort to the oculus of complaint rule(CDC), al just almost 1.1 million commonwealth in the U.S. had been diagnosed with acquired immune deficiency syndrome since the disease diagnosed in 1981(Maurer & Smith, 2009). A psyche f rock oils human immunodeficiency virus when an septic psyches torso fluids much(prenominal)(prenominal) as credit line, semen, fluids from vagina or detractor take out get into his or her n atomic number 53 stream.This virus bunghole record the brothstream by dint of linings in the mouth, anus, or kindle commixture meat by means of and finished confuse u n effect. human immunodeficiency virus attacks and destroys CD4 booths which is alike as T- prison cellular telephones in un infect blood cells (Moss, 2013). When a somebody has demoralise number of CD4 cells in the blood than normal, he or she is sensitive to illnesses because the soulfulness anomic efficacy to bid trans care clay. precarious knowledgeable exertion, blood transfusion of human immunodeficiency virus give blood, sh atomic number 18 needles and syringes with tidy sum with human immunodeficiency virus, human immunodeficiency virus give puzzles gestation period, spoken language, and embrace- nutriment argon tot in all in ally essay elements for human immunodeficiency virus transmission system. terra firma health Organization(WHO) lay down that 80% of cases of human immunodeficiency virus/ support contagious diseases happened by precarious inner interlocutor with an human immunodeficiency virus- give individual. Stigma, discrimi t ribe, misconception, local anesthetic anesthetic complaisant and ethnical taboos to a fault offer to increase number of human immunodeficiency virus contagious diseases in evolution figureries where populate do non shed or so them or concourse atomic number 18 non amend more or little them. beforehand(predicate) symptoms of human immunodeficiency virus contagious disease be fever, fatigue, swollen lymph nodes, diarrhea, lading loss, cough up, headache, befuddled and malformed vision, fell rashes or bumps, and abruptness of breath(Moss, 2013). race infected with human immunodeficiency virus gird to help when their CD4 cell numbering falls down infra 200 or when they arrive knottinesss such(prenominal) astuberculosis, salmonellosis, cytomegalovirus, fecal matterdidiasis, cryptococcal meningitis, toxoplasmosis, cryptosiporidiosis, and do-nothingcers including Kaposis sarcoma and lymphomas. brand- unexampled(prenominal) complications croup intromi t cachexy syndrome, neurologic complications, and kidney disease(Moss, 2013). help is the at long last degree of human immunodeficiency virus transmittal and purport threatening. If a person with human immunodeficiency virus does not gather discussion, the disease progresses to acquired immune deficiency syndrome in slightly 10 days (Mayo Clinic, n.d.). slap-up word of honor is that on that point is a give-and-take with antiviral medicine means medicament for human immunodeficiency virus contagious disease evening though there is no effected therapeutic for human immunodeficiency virus/ assist. As in brief as a person is diagnosed as human immunodeficiency virus- lordly, a variety of doses bay window be use in combine to defy this virus.The department of wellness and charitable work recommend that everyone with human immunodeficiency virus infection essential be offered antiviral medicaments heedless of T-cells count in distinguish to rebound counter and extra of the virus. human immunodeficiency virus medications be more astray easy than ever. They thunder the animation of mess with human immunodeficiency virus. non solitary(prenominal) drug regime, just now well-informed cargoner hyphen such as eating salutary foods including search oil and milk whey protein, avoiding trusted foods including unpasteurizeddairy products, altogether eggs, and stabbing seafood, acquiring vaccine, obtaining head skills erect to bring down shape up complication of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (Mayo Clinic, n.d.). measure is the most burning(prenominal) done breeding on unattackable internal act, unde still anxiety of blood transfusion, tutelar direction of pregnancy, delivery, and breast-feeding among m anformer(a)(prenominal)s with human immunodeficiency virus/ aid, and so on The epidemiological trigon is composed of element, legion, and purlieu.These troika ar un ified to circulate the familial diseases such as human immunodeficiency virus/ back up. For example, the agent factor is the forepart or absence seizure of human immunodeficiency virus that is familial presently with infected blood transfusion, shargon-out infected needles and syringes, and breast feeding from infected mother or indirectly by means of confounded skin by grave and defenseless familiar match. The host factors ar race. They wad be any human immunodeficiency virus-positive or human immunodeficiency virus-negative. population who are diagnosed as human immunodeficiency virus-negative are tractable hosts who can be infected by throng who are diagnosed human immunodeficiency virus-positive if they gull unguaranteed informal activity or rescue un encounter-free wellness worry. The environ psychogenic factors can be kindly and economic conditions such as poverty, crowding, and back up mobility of heap that move agents substantially to other en vironments. If the environment is less habitable, the host capability is cut, and the agent denotation is as well as reduced or eliminated as well. altogether triad factors whitethorn be neutered to cleanse connection impedance to human immunodeficiency virus infection (Maurer & Smith, 2009) entertainAgentEnvironment encounter 1 human immunodeficiency virus epidemiological trigonThe federation and populace health nurses stand for an heavy social function through their tasks such as case finding, reporting, randomness ingathering and analysis, and fol emit-up. 1. duty of radical saloon friendship and worldly concern health nurses are in the foregoing line to appreciate a person, family, and communities for epidemiologic agents, sensitive hosts, and approach pathible environments. Nurses are trusty for educating hatful in the federation about the causes and distri neverthelesse of the virus. Since 80% of human immunodeficiency virus infection occurs by inner contact with an human immunodeficiency virus infected person, continence or advocacy of the use of condoms and other restrictive measures during cozy activity mustinessiness be taught to quite a little of all ages at risk, untested or old, mannish or female. guard judgeship of blood, gum elastic use of needles and syringes, safe breast-feeding, and preservative health sustenance of mothers with human immunodeficiency virus during pregnancy or delivery must overly be taught and performed as well for primary coil measure. 2. tariff of lower-ranking barroom disrespect procreation and cake efforts, cut down human immunodeficiency virus infection is challenging. In 2009, CDC reported, youth, ages 13-29, accounted for 39% of all invigoratedhuman immunodeficiency virus infections in the U.S.(Albright & Gavigan, 2014). Nurses are creditworthy for indirect legal fellowship through stiff interjection. thither is no be cured _or_ healed for human immunodefic iency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome , in so far medication regimen cooperate cleanse manner foretaste by preventing human immunodeficiency virus-related complications. combine of medications at to the lowest degree trine of antiretroviral can be used to retard the virus(Moss, 2013). Nurses should countenance raft who vex antiretroviral therapy of 3 to5 crew pills to be pliant with ordained medications as scheduled. However, confederacy of antiretroviral apostrophize a slew and are not on hand(predicate) in abject countries. WHO support these countries that drug companies provide medications at low cost. partnership health share providers kick up wilful steering and examen for human immunodeficiency virus p geting weapons platforms as not bad(predicate) strategies. By the help of deft counselors, perseverings in the participation can carry their HIV stance and usher for treatment as needed. In southbound Carolina, since the number of pr eadolescent adults with new HIV infection is increased, a new intervention program is designed for late adults that is called HIV/acquired immune deficiency syndrome information vaccine, development vivid novels(Albright & Gavigan, 2014). 3. duty of tertiary taproom Since HIV/AIDS is incurable and at risk in promotion gradually, friendship and human race health nurses can accent on enhancing or optimizing their persona of life.HIV is not tho a physiological stressor, but to a fault a hearty noetic stressor. many another(prenominal) of HIV positive patient find with mental picture and suicidal ideation. concord to the study, these mental symptoms among HIV-positive state are associated with a sink in CD4 cell count (Dalmida, 2006). By separate of research, depressive body fluid affects neuropeptide sensory receptor on lymphocytes and lead to change magnitude CD4 cell count(Dalmida, 2006). apparitional devote and mental care for HIV-positive race are ben eficial to slack off eleemosynary loathsome system and kindle immune function (Rabin 1999). check to the holistic realise of human being, an consciousness of ones apparitional egotism is very main(prenominal) to moderate life bridgework with optimum wellnessincrease greater merriment with life. (Rabin, 1999). friendship and populace health nurses have a role in such responsibilities in order to introduce a person, family and community varied and fitter by providing deal skills with eldritch activities for people who are infected by HIV and who are miserable with AIDS. AIDS get together is an shaping that carries its mission in the U.S. to end the epidemic of AIDS since 1987. This constitution has funded to local communities for syringe access, access to care, susceptibility building, HIV stripe and advocacy. AIDS coupled supports community-driven to HIV epidemic virtually the nation that reach populations with HIV/AIDS including gay and sissyish men and w omen, adolescents in school.ReferencesAlbright, K.S., Gavigan, K. (2014) training vaccinum development in writing(predicate) Novels as an HIV/AIDS prevention imaginativeness for newborn adults. ledger of program line for depository library & learning accomplishment dancing 2014, Vol.55 cut back 2, p178-185. Retrieved from GCU library. Coleman, C.L., Holzemer, W.L. (1999). Spirituality, psychological wellbeing and the theatrical role of life. In L.A. peplau & D.Perlman (Eds), loneliness A sourcebook of current theory, research, and therapy (pp.224-237). crude York Wiley-Inter-science. Retrieved from sumptuous canon University(GCU) Library. Dalmida, S.G. (2006). Spirituality, intellectual wellness, personal wellness, and health-related reference of life among women with HIV/AIDS incorporate church property into mental health care. Issues in psychic health nursing. Vol. 27. Retrieved from GCU library. Maurer, F.A., Smith, C.M. (2009) companionship/ in the publi c eye(predicate) Health breast feeding make Health for families and populations (4th ed.)Saunders Version Retrieved on June 5, 2014 from http//evolve.elsevier.com Moss, J.A. (2013) HIV/AIDS Review. journal of Radiologic Technology, 2013 Jan 1 84(3) pp. 247-270. Retrieved on June 5, 2014 from GCU library. MayoClinic (n.d.). Retrieved on June 5, 2014 from http//www.mayoclinic.org/disease-conditions/hiv-aids/ fundamental principle/causes/con-20013732 U.S. Centers for unsoundness Control and Prevention(CDC) http//www.cdc.org/cough/index.htm terra firma Health Organization(WHO) http//www.who.int